社会语言学练习文档格式.docx

1、9.Geographical barriers are the only source of regional variation of language。10. A persons social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features。11.Two speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way。12. Every speaker of a la

2、nguage is, in a stricter sense, a speaker of a distinct idiolect. 13. The standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages。14. A lingua franca can only be used within a particular country for communication among groups of people with different linguistic backgrounds。15.Pidgins are l

3、inguistically inferior to standard languages。16. A pidgin usually reflects the influence of the higher, or dominant, language in its lexicon and that of the lower language in their phonology and occasionally syntax. 17.The major difference between a pidgin and a Creole is that the former usually has

4、 its native speakers while the latter doesnt。18.Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing。19. The kind of name or term speakers use to call or refer to someone may indicate something of their social relationship to or personal feelings about that individual. 20.The use of euphemisms has the eff

5、ect of removing derogatory overtones and the disassociative effect as such is usually long-lasting。II. Fill in each of the blanks below with one word which begins with the letter given:21. The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c_. 22. Speech v_ refers to any distinguisha

6、ble form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers. 23. From the sociolinguistic perspective, a speech variety is no more than a d_ variety of a language. 24. Language standardization is also called language p_. 25. Social variation gives rise to s_ which are subdivisible into smaller speech

7、categories that reflect their socioeconomic, educational, occupational background, etc. 26. S_ variation in a persons speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation. 27. A regional dialect may gain status

8、 and become standardized as the national or o_ language of a country. 28. The standard language is a s_, socially prestigious dialect of language. 29. Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, or v_ languages. 30. A pidgin typically lacks in i_ morphemes. 31. Linguistic tabo

9、o reflects s_ taboo. 32. The avoidance of using taboo language mirrors social attitudes, emotions and value judgments and has no l_ basis. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:33. _ is concerned with the social significance of lan

10、guage variation and language use in different speech communities. A. Psycholinguistics B. Sociolinguistics。 C. Historical linguistics D. General linguistics 34. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _. A. use of words B. use of structures C. accent 。 D. morphemes 3

11、5. _ is speech variation according to the particular area where a speaker comes from. A. Regional variation。 B. Language variation C. Social variation D. Register variation 36. _ are the major source of regional variation of language. A. Geographical barriers 。 B. Loyalty to and confidence in ones n

12、ative speech C. Physical discomfort and psychological resistance to change D. Social barriers 37. _ means that certain authorities, such as the government choose, a particular speech variety, standardize it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries. A. Language interference B. Language cha

13、nges C. Language planning 。 D. Language transfer 38. _ in a persons speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation. A. Regional variation B. Changes in emotions C. Variation in connotations D. Stylistic v

14、ariation 。 39. A _ is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people for diverse linguistic backgrounds . A. lingua franca 。 B. register C. Creole D. national language 40. Although _ are simplified languages with reduced grammatical features, they are rule-gove

15、rned, like any human language. A. vernacular languages B. creoles C. pidgins 。 D. sociolects 41. In normal situations, _ speakers tend to use more prestigious forms than their _ counterparts with the same social background. A. female; male 。 B. male; female C. old; young D. young; old 42. A linguist

16、ic _ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the polite society from general use. A. slang B. euphemism C. jargon D. taboo。 IV. Define the following terms:43. sociolinguistics 44. speech community 45. speech variety 46. language planning 47. idiolect 48. standard language 49. nonstandar

17、d language 50. lingua franca 51. pidgin 52. Creole 53. diglossia 54. Bilingualism 55. ethnic dialect 56. Sociolect 57. register 58. slang 59. taboo 60. euphemism V. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary:61. Discuss with examples th

18、at the speech of women may differ from the speech of men. 62. Discuss with examples some of the linguistic differences between Standard English and Black English. 63. What is a linguistic taboo? What effect does it have on our use of language?64. How would you describe the diglossic situation in Chi

19、na?65. What is the basic idea of Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis?66. How do you understand “Dialects of the same language sometimes are not mutually intelligible.”?67.Explain the differences between pidgin and Creole and then specify their linguistic features respectively. 68 Explain Dell Hymes ethnograph

20、ical framework （SPEAKING）. Reference answers Sociolinguistics I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: l.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.F 11. F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15.F 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. T 20. F 21. community 22. variety 23. dialectal 24.planning 25. sociolects26.

21、 Stylistic 27. official 28. superposed 29. vernacular30. inflectional 31. social 32. linguisticIII. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:33. B 34. C 35. A. 36. A. 37. C 38.D 39.A 40. C 41. A 42. D IV. Define the following terms:43. soc

22、iolinguistics: Sociolinguistics is the study of language in social contexts. 44. speech community: The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech community or a speech community is a group of people who form a community and share the same language or a particular variety of langu

23、age. The important characteristic of a speech community is that the members of the group must, in some reasonable way, interact linguistically with other members of the community. They may share closely related language varieties, as well as attitudes toward linguistic norms. 45. speech variety: Spe

24、ech variety, also known as language variety, refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers. The distinctive characteristics of a speech variety may be lexical, phonological, morphological, syntactic, or a combination of linguistic features. 46. language planning

25、: language standardization is known as language planning. This means that certain authorities, such as the government or government agency of a country, choose a particular speech variety and spread the use of it, including its pronunciation and spelling systems, across regional boundaries. 47. Idio

26、lect: An idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines aspects of all the elements regarding regional, social, and stylistic variation, in one form or another. In a narrower sense, what makes up ones idiolect includes also such factors as voice quality, pitch and speech rhyth

27、m, which all contribute to the identifying features in an individual s speech. 48. standard language : The standard language is a superposed, socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media, and taught in educational institutions, including school settings where the language is taught as a foreign or second language. 49. nonstandard language: Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard languages 50. lingua franca: A lingu