中石化第一次分级测试真题阅读 翻译 写作Word文件下载.docx

中石化第一次分级测试真题阅读 翻译 写作Word文件下载.docx

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talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthe

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wholetheydonotlivebythem.Thusitisimportanttodistinguish

betweenwhattheysayandwhattheydo.Forexample,manywilltell

youthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformof

marriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorother

sourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopass

30

ontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowantto

avoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageand

divorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.

Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelitties

themdowntomen.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthema

35

betterbreak;

itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmen

have.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,

thewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecideto

leavetheirmen.Italsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseorany

otherpropertytheymayown.

1.Accordingtothepassage,adefiningcharacteristicofpovertyisthatpoorpeople__________.

A.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsociety

B.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobs

C.areresponsiblefortheirownpoverty

D.areconstantlyinastateofcrisis

2.Theauthorofthepassageusesthephrase“cultureofpoverty”（Line6）tosuggestthat__________.

A.thereareseveralclassificationsofpoorpeople

B.poorpeopleoftentakeprideintheirpoverty

C.poorpeopleshareacommonethnicity

D.povertyhasbecomeaprevailingwayoflifeforsomepeople

3.Theword“incidence”inLine6isclosestinmeaningto__________.

A.inflation

B.introduction

C.accident

D.occurrence

4.Theword“literacy”inLine12referstotheabilityto__________.

A.gotoschool

B.readandwrite

C.understandmath

D.receiveaneducation

5.Byassertingthatthecultureofpovertycanbeusedbypoliticalmovements（Line19）,theauthoris__________.

A.cautioningagainstanuprisingbythepoor

B.showinghowpovertymaythreatensocialstability

C.callinguponthemiddleclasstofightagainstthepoor

D.justifyingthemotivesofpoliticians

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeoplewithacultureofpoverty?

A.Theyworkhardbutreceivelittleinreturn

B.They’recynicaltoallbutthechurch

C.Theyusuallyignorethenationalwelfareagencies

D.Theyareeconomicallyactive

7.Accordingtothelastparagraph,consensualunioncanprovidepoorwomenwhorefusetogetmarriedlegallywithallofthefollowingEXCEPT__________.

A.afreechurchweddingorcivilceremony

B.someofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave

C.astrongerclaimontheirchildrenwhentheywanttoleavetheirmen

D.rightstoahouseoranyotherproperty

8.Aconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraphthatmenandwomeninthecultureofpoverty__________.

A.considerthemselvesunworthyoflegalmarriage

B.prefernottobeinrelationship

C.avoidlegalizedmarriagesforpracticalandeconomicreasons

D.donottrusteachothertobefaithfulhusbandsandwives

9.Inthediscussionofpoverty,theauthorismostlikelytoagreethatpoverty__________.

A.ismorewidespreadthanmostpeoplethink

B.cannotbeeliminated

C.weakensthefabricofsociety

D.meansmorethanlackofmoney

10.Theword“it”inLine37refersto__________.

A.abetterbreak

B.legalstatus

C.consensualunion

D.illegalmarriage

篇章2当前题号：

第11-20题，总题数：

50题；

LineCarsaccountforhalftheoilconsumedintheU.S.,abouthalfthe

urbanpollutionandone-fourthofthegreenhousegases.Theytakea

similartollofresourcesinotherindustrialnationsandinthecitiesofthe

developingworld.Asvehicleusecontinuestoincreaseinthecoming

decade,theU.S.andothercountrieswillhavetodealwiththeseissues

orelsefaceunacceptableeconomic,health-relatedandpoliticalcosts.It

isunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelorthat

othernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributiontoglobal

climatechange.

Policymakersandindustryhavefouroptions:

reducevehicleuse,

increasetheefficiencyandreducetheemissionsofconventional

gasoline-poweredvehicles,switchtolessharmfulfuels,orfindless

pollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese—inparticularthe

introductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity—isultimatelytheonly

sustainableoption.Theotheralternativesareattractiveintheorybutin

practiceareeitherimpracticalorofferonlymarginalimprovements.For

example,reducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficproblemsandahostof

socialandenvironmentalproblems,butevidencefromaroundtheworld

suggeststhatitisdifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoany

significantextent.IntheU.S.,mass-transitridershipandcarpooling

havedeclinedsinceWorldWarII.EveninWesternEurope,withfuel

pricesaveragingmorethan＄1aliter（about＄4agallon）andwitheasily

accessiblemasstransitanddensepopulations,carsstillaccountfor80

percentofallpassengertravel.

Improvedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealing,butautomotivefuel

economyhasbarelymadeanyprogressin10years.Alternativefuels

suchasnaturalgas,burnedininternal-combustionengines,couldbe

introducedatrelativelylowcost,buttheywouldleadtoonlymarginal

reductionsinpollutionandgreenhousegasemissions（especially

becauseoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsofdollarsevery

yeartodeveloplesspollutingtypesofgasoline）.

11.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheincreaseduseofcarswill__________.

A.consumehalfoftheoilproducedintheworld

B.haveseriousconsequencesonthewell-beingofallnations

C.imposeaneconomicburdenonresidentsoflargecities

D.widenthegapbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountries

12.Americahastosolvetheproblemsarisingfromvehicleusebecause__________.

A.fewAmericansarereluctanttoswitchtopublictransportation

B.thepresentlevelofoilpricesisconsideredunacceptable

C.itshouldtaketheleadinconservingnaturalresources

D.othercountriesareunsatisfiedaboutitslargegreenhouseemissions

13.Accordingtotheauthor,America’scontributiontoglobalclimatechangeis__________.

A.increasing

B.decreasing

C.fluctuating

D.stabilizing

14.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontotheproblemsmentionedinthepassage?

A.Thedesigningofhighlyefficientcarengines

B.Areductionofvehicleuseincities

C.Theuseoflesspollutingfuels

D.Thedevelopmentofelectriccars

15.Whatdoes“host”inLine17mean?

A.Personwhoservespeopleasguests

B.Anchorofatelevisionprogram,etc.

C.Largenumberofsomething

D.Caretakerofaninn

16.Whatisthemeaningof“carpooling”inLine20?

A.Peopleridingtogetherinonecar

B.Anumberofcarsusedbyacompany’ssalesmen

C.Apersonwhoownsmanycars

D.Carsownedbyanorganizationfortheuseofitsmembers

17.Accordingtothepassage,afterWorldWarIImanypeopleintheU.S.__________.

A.onlyusedrailways

B.preferredtheirowncarsfortravel

C.alwaysusedpublictransportation

D.insistoncarpooling

18.Whichofthefollowingispracticalbutonlymakesasmallcontributiontosolvingtheproblemofgreenhouseemissions?

A.Slowingdownfueleconomy

B.Theuseoffuelsotherthangasoline

C.Reducingcarusebycarpooling

D.Theintroductionoflesspollutingdrivingsystems

19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.ThedeclineofpublictransportationaccountsforincreasedcaruseinWesternEurope

B.CarsarepopularinWesternEuropeeventhoughfuelpricesarefairlyhigh

C.WesternEuropeoilcompaniescannotsustainthecostofdevelopingnew-typefuels

D.ThereductionofvehicleuseistheonlysustainableoptionindenselypopulatedWesternEurope

20.Theword“they”inLine28refersto__________.

A.internal-combustionengines

B.marginalreductions

C.alternativefuels

D.greenhouseemissions

篇章3当前题号：

第21-30题，总题数：

LineCancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Its

careandmanagementhavedifferedovertimeandhaveitsidentity.

visibility,andmeaning.Pickupthethreadofhistor