考博英语词汇讲座Word文件下载.docx

考博英语词汇讲座Word文件下载.docx

《考博英语词汇讲座Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考博英语词汇讲座Word文件下载.docx（24页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

。

apart,aloud,around,away,afar,aboard,across

alike,acute,alive,asleep,aware

amaze,amend,amuse,arise,ascribe,avail,await,awake,award,abound,abridge,amount

affirm,acclaim,accompany,account,arrange,array,arrest,arrow

4．近义词

Merchants煤商

Blamefor

Income

Thieves

Dealers

买进卖出商人

Condemnfor

Wages

Burglars

Businessmen

（广义）商人

Accuseof

Salary

Robbers

Tradesmen

（英）店主

Criticizefor

Pay

Bandits

Scene特别的景象，如泰山的日出

Announce

Buyers

Synthetic

Scenery一国一地的自然风光

Publish

Shoppers

False

Views特别的景象

Advertise

Customers

Imitation

Nature强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象

Inform

Clients

Counterfeit

Artificial

Urgent紧急

Substitute

Particular

Hasty草率

Selection

Peculiar

Mortal

Instant立刻

Preference

Special

Fatal

Prompt快速；

及时

Alternative

Unusual

Deadly

Contend竞争；

斗争

Fraud

Preliminary

Imaginative

Compete比赛；

竞争

Deceive

Primary

Imaginable

Struggle斗争

Cheat

Elementary

Imagined

Conflict斗争

Dupe

Fundamental

Imaginary

Hinder

Decline

Perplex

Reproach

Preclude

Deny

Puzzle

Scold

Detain

Reject

Confuse

Compliment

Retard

Refuse

Reprimand

Hamper

Protract

Reliable

Fatigued

Empty

Postpone

Confident

Tired

Blank

Cancel

Faithful

Exhausted

Vacant

Delay

Dependent

Bored

Bare

Adjourn

5．近形词

fiction

fraction

friction

function

tumble

stumble

scramble

humble

tremble

resume

consume

assume

presume

resumption

consumption

assumption

presumption

bore

core

pore

sore

simplify

modify

verify

rectify

justify

testify

transcription

subscription

prescription

description

attribute

contribute

distribute

tribute

attitude

altitude

aptitude

descriptive

prescriptive

interference

interruption

intervention

interaction

transaction

transmission

transformation

transition

contact

intact

possibility

validity

reliability

security

conceivable

perceivable

arise

rise

raise

arouse

respectful

respectable

respected

respective

detain

attain

retain

certain

contain

room

doom

boom

loom

intense

intentional

intensive

intending

intended

assure

ensure

insure

reassure

sometimes

sometime

sometime

sometimes

hatch

catch

patch

match

bare

rare

care

dare

fare

hare

banish

vanish

diminish

admonish

durability

flexibility

versatility

hostility

cooperate

coordinate

correlate

correspond

observe

reserve

conserve

preserve

deserve

prior

superior

inferior

senior

junior

sparrow

swallow

hollow

sorrow

narrow

pillow

bold

cold

fold

gold

hold

mold

sold

told

migrant

immigrant

immigrate

immigration

emigrant

emigrate

emigration

edge

hedge

wedge

pledge

deduce

reduce

produce

induce

seduce

preclude

exclude

include

form

deform

inform

transform

conform

contempt

attempt

prompt

except

accept

concept

percept

receive

deceive

conceive

perceive

achieve

believe

grieve

relieve

自测题：

1.不看讲义，试一试你的记忆力。

利用联想法，你能记住多少刚才所学的词：

1．____________________2.__________________3._________________

4._____________________5.__________________6._________________

7._____________________8.__________________9._________________

10.____________________11._________________12.________________

2.列出以下单词的近义词：

1.income

2.mortal

3.urgent

4.synthetic

5.deceive

6.retard

7.empty

8.confuse

9.buyer

10.contend

3.列出以下单词的近形词：

1.tumble

2.description

3.justify

4.attain

5.attribute

6.prior

汉英对照

近义词

Merchants煤商

Dealers买进卖出商人

Businessmen（广义）商人

Tradesmen（英）店主

Scene特别的景象，如泰山的日出

Scenery一国一地的自然风光

Views特别的景象

Nature强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象

Urgent紧急

Hasty草率

Instant立刻

Prompt快速；

Contend搏斗；

争夺（competeagainstsb.inordertogainsth.）

Compete比赛；

竞争（trytobemoresuccessfulthananotherpersonororganizationinbusiness）

competewithsb.forsth./competeforoffice（争夺公职）/against

Struggle斗争（tryhardtoachievesth.）struggleagainstdifficulties/struggleforfreedom

Conflict斗争（两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。

）aconflictofopinion（分歧）;

Thetwoaccountsofwhathadhappenedconflictedwitheachother.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。

Hinder:

makeitdifficultforsb.todosth.Orforsth.todevelop

Highinvestrateswillhindereconomicgrowth.

Preclude:

（formal）preventsth.ormakesth.impossible

Agealonewillnotprecludehimfromstandingasacandidate.

Detain:

（officially）preventsb.fromleavingsomeplace（拘留；

扣押）

Delaysb.whowantstoleave,bytalkingtothem,askingthemtodosth.（耽搁；

留住）

Hewasdetainedbyaflattireonhiswayhome.

Thepolicedetainedthemantomakefurtherinquiries.

Retard:

（formal）todelaythedevelopmentofsth.ortomakesth.happenmoreslowlythanexpected.（妨碍；

推迟）

Coldweatherretardsthegrowthofmanyplants.

Badroadsretardthecar（失修的公路阻滞了车速。

Hamper:

restrictsb.movement,activities,achievementsbycausingdifficultiesforthem.

Women'

sprogressintheworkplaceisstillhamperedbymale'

sattitudes.

Hampersb.fromgettingelected.

Protract:

lastalongtime,esp.longerthanusual

Protractednegotiations旷日持久的谈判

Protractone'

sstayforsomeweeks多呆了几个星期

Postpone:

changeanevent,actiontoalatertimeordate

GailandLisahavedecidedtopostponehavingafamilyforawhile.

Thematchhadtobepostponed.

Cancel:

arrangethataplannedactivityoreventwillnotnowhappen.

Thefootballgamehadbeencancelledduetorain.

Delay:

waituntilalatertimetodosth.

Don'

tdelayclaimingoryoumaylosebenefit.

Adjourn:

finishorstopforashorttime

Thechairmanhasthepowertoadjournthemeetingatanytime.

Blamefor把……归于

Condemnfor谴责

Accusesb.ofsth.指责

Criticizefor批判

Announce宣布；

通知

Publish发表；

出版

Advertise为……做广告

Inform告知（informsb.ofsth.）

Substitute:

sth.newordifferentthatyouuseinsteadofsth.elsethatyouusedpreviously.替代品；

替补

Substituteteacher代课教师

Selection:

thecarefulchoiceofaparticularpersonorthingfromamongagroupofsimilarpeopleorthings.

Preference:

ifyoulikeapreferenceforsth.youlikeitmorethananotherthing.

Alternative:

sth.thatyoucanchoosetodooruseinsteadofsth.else

Fraud:

amethodofillegallygettingmoneyfromsb.,oftenbyusingcleverandcomplicatedmethods.

Deceive:

makesb.believesth.thatisnottrueinordertogetwhatyouwant.

Cheat:

behaveinadishonestwayinordertowinortogetanadvantage,esp.incompetitive,game,exams.

Dupe:

trickordeceivesb.哄骗；

诈骗

Consumersarebeingdupedintobuyingfaultyelectronicgoods.

Decline:

refusetodosth.（比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）

Deny:

Shedeniedworkingfortheenemy=Shesaidshewasnotworkingfortheenemy（NOT:

Sherefusedtoworkfortheenemy.）

Reject:

拒绝申请，观点，计划

Refuse:

拒绝邀请

Turndown拒绝（口语）

Reliable可靠的；

可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。

Confident有信心的

Faithful忠实的；

可靠的（侧重于“忠于……”areliableperson,afaithfulfighter

Dependent从属的；

依靠的

Income总收入

Wages按周或日付酬

Salary月薪；

年薪

Pay工资

Buyers买主

Shoppers家庭中外出购物的人

Customers顾客

Clients委托人

Particular:

specialenoughtomentionseparately

Peculiar:

strange,unfamiliar,andalittlesurprising,esp.inawaythatisunpleasantorworrying.

Tastepeculiar

Special:

notordinarybutdifferentinsomewayandoftenbetterormoreimportant.

aspecialdiet

unusual:

differentfromwhatisusual

special---speciallyorespecially

specially:

usedwhenyoudosth.thatisdifferentfromwhatyouusuallydoforaparticularpurpose（withapassiveformofaverb:

aspeciallymade）

especially:

toemphasizesth.ismoreworthmentioningormoreimportantthantheotherthings,（…,especiallywhen…）

Preliminary初步的；

开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）

Primary最初的；

→主要的；

基本的；

→没有预备

Elementary初步的；

简单的

Fundamental基础的

Perplex（常用被动）困惑；

茫然；

费解

Makeyoufeelworriedandconfusedbecauseitisdifficulttounderstand.

e.g.Iwassomewhatperplexedbyhisresponse.

Puzzle:

confusesb.ormakethemfeelslightlyanxiousbecausetheydonotunderstandsth.

e.g.Whatpuzzlesmeishowtheburglargotintothehousewithoutsettingoffthealarm.

Confuse（常用被动）

Makesb.feelthattheycannotthinkclearlyordonotunderstand.

e.g.Don'

tgivemesomuchinformation.---youareconfusingme.

Iwasconfused.

Fatigued:

verytired.

e.g.fatiguedafterherlongjourney,Billfellintoadeepsleep.

Tired:

feeling