英语翻译Word格式.docx

英语翻译Word格式.docx

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wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;

wewereallgoingtoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.

2）Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,lendanear,pataback,lightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,boostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.

2.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Asanimportantmeansforpreservingknowledge,variousliteratureshavebecomepreciousresourcesortreasuresforthemankind,whichhavegreatlycontributedtothesocialprogressofthehumanrace.

Professionalliteratureshavebeenregardedas“intangibleassets”ofthewholeworldbecausetheyare,ontheonehand,thesummary,generalization,anddevelopmentoftheachievementsobtainedonthebasisofpreviousexperiencesorstudies;

andontheotherhand,theyhavebeenaccumulatedandhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Inthissense,therefore,allkindsofliteraturearerecordsofpreciousresearchfindingsandacademicachievements,andthecrystallizationofhumancivilization.

3.PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

翻泽的意义是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。

简单地讲，它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。

从以上翻译的定义来看，我们知道词句的原意必须尽可能保持准确，不可有所增删。

翻译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。

因此，翻译有两种要素：

准确性与表达性。

准确性是翻译的首要条件。

译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者的意思。

字词的选择与句式结构必须如实传达原作的思想。

表达性是使译文易于理解。

换言之，译者必须用自己的文字尽可能将原作思想清楚而有力地表达出来。

准确性是使译文的意义确切无误，而表达性则是使译文生动，引人入胜。

Unit2ProfessionalPapers

我们知道，很多年以前人们就研究过非线性问题。

但是，世界上第一个明确提出非线性问题的是钱学森的老师VonKarman。

1940午，VonKarman在美国航空科学年会上作了一个报告。

这个报告后来发表在美国数学学会学报上，引起了人们对非线性问题的注意。

他指出：

现在力学的最大缺陷是仅仅停留在线性化的基础上，而工程实际需要非线性理论。

VonKarman擅长流体力学和固体力学，他全面衡量了两个学科领域的状况，提出了——些当时看来难以解决的非线性问题。

他的讲话使Friedrichs搁下数学，用整整二十年的时间去研究薄板大挠度问题；

也促使Rivilin因此去研究非线性材料的有限变形问题，这是非线性力学的开始。

从此，力学工作者不断地向非线性力学进军。

非线性力学的出现是有其工业背景和生产背景的。

Asweknow,theproblemsofnonlinearityhavelongbeenstudied.ButitwasVonKarman,theformersupervisorofProfessorQianXuesen（H.S.Tsian）,whofirstpinpointedthenonlinearproblems.In1940,VonKarmandeliveredalectureattheAnnualMeetingonAmericanAeronauticalSciences,laterpublishedintheTransactionsofAmericanMathematicalSociety,whichdirectedpeople’sattentiontononlinearproblems.Hepointedoutthatthemostseriousshortcomingofthecurrentmechanicslayinthefactthatitstheorywasstillbasedonlinearidealizations,buttheengineeringrealitywasdemandingforanonlineartheory.VonKarman,beinggoodbothatfluidmechanicsandsolidmechanics,afterdueconsiderationofthecurrentstatusofthesetwofields,proposedsomenonlinearproblemswhichseemedtobebeyondthattime.Undertheinfluenceofthatlecture,Friedrichsputasidehismathematics,andturnedtothestudyofthelargedeflectionsofthinplates,whichtookhimtwodecadesoftime.Underthesamestimulation,Rivilinwasledtostudythefinitedeformationofnonlinearmaterials.Thatmarkstheonsetofnonlinearmechanics.Fromthenon,continuousconquestshavebeenmadeonnonlinearmechanicsbypeopleworkingonmechanics.Theadventofnonlinearmechanicshaditsindustrialbackground.

Unit4Abstracts

1.PutthefollowingtechnicaltermsintoChinese.

ballbearing,testbed,carrierrocket,pneumaticcushion,tractorshoe,monkeydriver,ballcock,automaticpecker,wormauger,decaydaughter,sistermetal,foreigntissue,getterpump,ghostimage,heelblock

I-bar,O-ring,T-square,octahedron,zigzagchain,gableroof,crossstitch,setsquare,archdam,camshaft,conebuoy,U-bolt,plasticstockings,nosecap

2.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1MorethanthreethousandIPCsymbolsjammedintothechart.Hecertainlywasnotscanningtherowswithamagnifier.

2AlthoughnoonehasyetsetfootonVesta,andnospacecrafthasbeennear,planetaryscientistshaveobtainedconclusiveevidenceduringthelastdecadethatcold,silentVestawasoncethesceneofvolcanicactivity.

3Despitethelong-standingavailabilityofeffectiveantibiotics,particularlypenicillin,pnumococcaidiseasecontinuestotakeaheavydeathtoll,particularlyamongpeoplesufferingfromotherchronicdiseases.

4Theresearchfounda12percentreductioninthepatients’bloodcholesterolfromalevelof349milligramsper100millilitersofblood.

分之二十

5WorkingatthefruitandvegetablechemistryLaboratoryinPasadena,Calif.,thescientistssprayedyoungguayuleplantswith5,000partpermillionofthehormonestimulator2-（3-4）dichloriphenoxy-triethylamine.

PutthefollowingabstractintoChinese.

ABayesiandecisionanalysisapproachtocontrollingnonpointsourcenitratepollutionofgroundwater.Sakupwanya,JefterKuziwa,Ph.D.UniversityofGuelph（Canada）,1991.318pp.ISBN:

0-315-70887-5.Advisers:

W.N.Stammers;

H.R.Whiteley

OrderNumberDANN7088

Thepollutionofgroundwaterbynitratesisofconcerntopublichealthauthoritiesandenvironmentalorganizationsbecausehighnitrateconcentrationsindrinkingwatercancausemethemoglobinemiaininfants.Anotherenvironmentalproblemassociatedwithhighnitrateconcentrationsingroundwateriseutrophicationofreceivingwaters.

Virtuallyalldecisionsaboutthecontrolofnitratepollutionofgroundwateraremadeinthefaceofuncertaintiesthatfrustratedeffortstoguaranteethedesiredresults.Thedecisionsalsohavetobemadeinanadversarialenvironmentinwhichthegoalsofsocietyandthoseoftheagriculturalsectorareoftendifferent.

ABayesiandecision-analysisframeworkispresentedinthisstudythatissuitedtoevaluatingstrategiesforcontrollingnonpointsourcenitratepollutionofgroundwaterwithoutbeingindifferentto,norparalyzedbyuncertainty.Theextensionofthemethodologytoassessingtheworthofadditionaldataisalsodemonstrated.

ResultsfromahypotheticalexampleofanonpointsourcenitratepollutionproblemshowedthattheBayesiandecision-analysismethodologyifusedprudently,couldbemostvaluableinleadingdecision-makerstothebestcontrolstrategieswithinaframeworkthatrecognizestheadversarialenvironmentthatexistbetweenfarmersandregulatoryagencies.Theresultsalsoshowedthatthroughitscapacitytoestimatetheworthofadditionaldata,themethodologycouldbeveryusefultodecision-makersindecidingwhethertogoaheadandimplementacontrolstrategyorcollectmoredatatoimprovetheirconfidenceinthechosenstrategy.

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

在本《国际标准》中，”文摘”一词的意义是：

对原文献内容准确、扼要而不加解释或评论的表述。

无论作者是谁，对此均不应有所不同。

一篇文摘应该根据文献的内容与文体，使之具有尽可能多的报道性。

也就是说，文摘应尽可能多的表达文献内容中包含的定量或定性的信息。

报道性文摘对于叙述实验研究和主题单一的文献足较为理想的。

但某些内容庞杂或冗长的文献，例如泛述、综述以及整篇或整集的专著，则允许备有一个仅仅起指示性、描述性指南作用的文摘。

还有一种必不可少的融报道性与指示性于一体的综合性文摘，这类文摘适用于文摘长度受限制，或因文献类型与文体的限制，而有必要对文献的要点作报道性介绍的情况。

Unit6.ConferenceDocuments

1.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontotheadverbialclauses.

1.WhenItrytounderstandwhatitisthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses,ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthantheother.

2.Ithadbeenafine,goldenautumn,alovelyfarewelltothosewhowouldlosetheiryouth,andsomeofthemtheirlives,beforetheleavesturnedyellowagaininapeacetimefall.

3.Itwasadayasfreshasgrassgrowingupandcloudsgoingoverandbutterfliescomingdowncanmakeit.Itwasadaycompoundedfromsilencesofbeeandflowerandoceanandland,whichwerenotsilencesatall,butmotions,stirs,flutters,rising,eachinitsowntimeandmatchlessrhythm.

4.IbelievethatIspeakforeverysincereandseriousrepresentativeintheUnitedNations--soIamencouragedtobelievebythespeechestowhichwehavealreadylistenedthismorning--whenIsaythattheanniversarymustbeanoccasionforanhonestassessmentofourfailuresinthepast,matchedbyanequallydeterminedwilltodobetterinthefuture,sothatwecanescapefromfrustrationandturntheanniversaryintoaninspirationandanachievement.

DearProfessorLiang,

TheConferenceSteeringCommitteeispleasedtoinformyouthatyourabstractrifledabovehasbeenacceptedforpresentationattheASEE4thInternationalConferenceonEngineeringComputerGraphicsandDescriptiveGeometry,tobeheldinMiami,Florida,USA,June11~15,1990.

Wehopeyouwillacceptourinvitationtoparticipate.Toassistwithprogramplanning,pleasecompleteandreturntheenclosedConfirmationandSpeakerInformationFormbyfaxbeforeDecember12,1989sothatwemayincludethecorrectinformationintheprogramandnotifyalternatesifnecessary.

Pleasestartwritingyourpaper.Inaseparatepackage,youwillreceivetheinstructionsonthepreparationofmanuscripts.Youshouldbegettingthisinformationsometimeafterthefirstoftheyear.CompletedmanuscriptsaredueonMarch1,1990.ThefinalprogramandregistrationinformationwillbesenttoyouinearlyMarch,1990.WelookforwardtoworkingwithyouandtohavingyouontheprogramattheMiamimeeting.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsatanytime,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeat（305）554-2824.Ourfaxnumberis（305）554-3582.

Sincerely,

OktayUral,Ph.D.P.E.

ConferenceChairman

Unit7Reviews（同Unit4）