浅析中国传统相声的翻译困境与发展Word格式文档下载.docx

浅析中国传统相声的翻译困境与发展Word格式文档下载.docx

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Supervisor

.....

AnEssaySubmittedasaPartialRequirementfor

theDegreeofB.AinEnglish

SchoolofForeignLanguages

YibinUniversity

May,2015

摘要：

中国几乎没有人不知道相声，不喜欢相声。

相声是语言的艺术，它的表演要求语言精炼流畅，活泼犀利又幽默含蓄。

相声是一种让人发笑的艺术，但并不是引发人们肤浅无奈的笑，它是一种深沉的幽默，使人听来有捧腹之乐，且回味无穷（王文章，1）。

近年来，相声舞台上逐渐出现了一些红头发蓝眼睛的穿着中国传统大褂的外国人，他们给处于瓶颈的相声注入了新的活力，这些外国人并不是借用他们的异域风情随便糊弄观众，而是用他们的实力表演中国相声，让我们意识到外国人是真的喜欢相声，激励了我国艺术家们将相声传播海外的斗志。

可是，翻译却成了拦路虎。

本文第一章为导言，第二章将更近一步了解相声，第三章列举相声翻译中最常见的几个翻译困境，第四章将为总结部分，就目前相声的局势，分析其发展趋势，提出四点相声发展前路。

关键词：

相声；

翻译困境；

相声发展

Abstract

Xiangshengisoneofthemostpopularandinfluentialtypesoftraditionalarts.ItcanbesaidthatnobodyinChinadoesnotknowandlikeit.Xiangshengistheartoflanguagerichincontentandsuccinctinstyle,whichrequiresitsperformancerefinedandfluent,livelyandalsoastringent,humorousbutimplicitatthesametime.Xiangshengisakindofarttomakepeoplelaugh,butitisnotthekindofartcausingpeople’sshallowsuperficiallaughter,itisadeepsenseofhumormakingpeopleburstoutlaughingfirstandleavingendlessaftertastes（Wang1）.

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignerswithredhairsandblueeyeswearingtraditionalChinesegownbecomelivelyintheXiangshengstage.InsteadoffoolingaudiencesbytheirexoticbutspeakingstandardMandarintoperformanceChineseXiangsheng,whichinspiredourartiststospreadChineseXiangshengoutofChina.However,translationhasbecomeastumblingblockinthedevelopmentofXiangsheng.

ChapteroneintroducesXiangsheng.ChaptertwowillexplainXiangshengindetailandrepresentsthesituationoftoday’sXiangsheng;

ChapterthreespecifiestheuntranslatabilityofXiangsheng;

ChapterfouristheconclusionanddiscussesthecurrentsituationofXiangshengandoffersfour-pointpersonalviewsofitsdevelopment.

Keywords:

xiangsheng;

translationdifficulties;

developmentofxiangsheng

Acknowledgements

Firstofall,Iwouldliketothankmysupervisor,Professor.........Withoutherhelp,itwouldbemuchharderformetofinishmystudyandthispaper.Duringmywritingtime,shegivesmevaluablesuggestionsandcriticalcomments.Herrigorousandcareful,meticulousstylehasalwaysbeenmyexampleworkandstudy,andherpatienceandeclecticideasgivesmeendlessinspiration.

Secondly,Iwouldliketothankalluniversityteachers.Theirprofoundknowledgeanddiverseexperiencereallywillhelpmealotinmyfuturelife.

Iamalsoverygratefultomyfamily,classmatesandfriends.Theygivemealotofsupportandencouragementduringmywritingthisthesis.

Contents

中文摘要……………………………………………………………...………

Abstract………………………………………………………………………….

Acknowledgements……………………..……………………………………

.Introduction……………………………………………………...……………1

.ALiteratureReviewofXiangsheng…………..……………………………3

A.DefinitionofXiangsheng……….………………………….…………..3

B.‘Xià

ngsheng’inEnglish…………...………...........…………………3

C.ComparisonofXiangsheng,TalkShowandStand-upComedy……..4

D.HistoryofXiangsheng………………………...……….………….........5

1.TheFormationofXiangsheng…………….………..………............5

2.TheEvolutionandDevelopmentofXiangsheng…………...………6

E.Today’sXiangsheng………………….…………………….…………7

1.ForeignXiangshengatHome……………………………….….…...8

2.ChineseXiangshengAbroad...............................................................8

.TranslationDifficultiesofXiangsheng………………………………..10

A.LinguisticUntranslatability……….………….…….……….…….......11

1.HomophonicPun………………………………………………….11

2.DeconstructionofChineseCharacters………………….………14

3.Riddle……………………………………………………………..15

4.TongueTwisters………………………………………………......17

5.Drama………………………………………….………………….17

6.Dialects…………………………………………………………...18

B.CulturalUntranslatability…………………………………………....19

C.TranslationofXiangsheng……………………………….………20

IV.Conclusion…………………….………………………………………..…21

WorksCited…………………………………...………………………………..23

.Introduction

Xiangshengisoneofthemostpopularandinfluentialtypesofarts.However,theaudienceofXiangshengisshrinkingtoday.ManyyoungpeopleinthetwentiethCenturyaresystematicallyunderstandingandfallinginlovewiththisartonlyafterhearingGuoDegang'

crosstalk.However,owingtotheclassicalcrosstalkhasnotbeenwellperformed,andoutstandingnewworksarereallyfewwhilethedemandofthecrosstalkisgreat,therecomesoutasteamofshoddyworkswhichmakescomicfansdisappointed.

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignersbecomelivelyintheXiangshengstage,andChineselikeJoeWrong’scomedysucceedinothercountries,whichinspiresourartiststospreadChineseXiangshengoutofChina.

However,translationhasbecomeastumblingblockinthedevelopmentofXiangsheng.Workslike“BorrowArrowswithThatchedBoats”"

OneWifeandOneConcubine"

and"

PearlJadeWhiteJadeSoup"

mayobtainthesamelaughterandgetthesameeffectaftertranslating,butscriptslike"

DramaandDialects"

“TongueTwisters"

and“BachelorXie”withmanyuniqueChineseculturemakesitdifficulttotranslate.Xiangshengistheartoflanguage,theartofhumor,ifnotavividtranslationoftheoriginalwork,itisdifficulttobeacceptedbythepublic.ThisessaywillspecifytheuntranslatabilityofXiangsheng.

Infact,thetranslationofXiangshengnotonlyreferstotheEnglish-Chinesetranslation,ortheSpanish-Chinesetranslation,bringingforththenewthroughtheoldworksisalsoakindoftranslation.TheexcellenttraditionalChinesecomicdialogueisatreasureofourcountry,sowecouldnotlosetheessenceinordertopursueinnovation.Thispaperputsforwardfour-pointviewsonthedevelopmentofXiangshengaccordingtoitscurrentsituation:

Firstly,wemustpayattentiontoinheritthetraditionalexcellentXiangsheng,adherereplaytheoutstandingtraditionalscriptsjustlikewedotoateleplay.Secondly:

Collecting,sortingoutanddrawinguptheimmaturecrosstalk,takingtheessenceanddiscardingthedregs.Thirdly:

activelycreatingnewworkstokeeppacewiththetimes,reflectingtherealityoftheproblem.Lastbutnotleast:

increasingtheintensityofthetranslation,andactivelyexploringthewayoutofthecountry;

what’smore,expandingboththesubjectsandeyes,integratingwiththeworld.

.LiteratureReviewofXiangsheng

A.DefinitionofXiangsehng

Xiangsheng（traditionalChinese:

相聲;

simplifiedChinese:

相声;

pinyin:

xià

ngsheng;

literally:

"

faceandvoice"

）,isatraditionalChinesecomedicperformance（Rowswell5）.

XiangshengisoneofthemostpopularandinfluentialtypesofQuyi.ItcanbesaidthatnobodyinChinadoesnotknowandlikeit.Xiangshengishumorousandhighlysatiricalbynature.Itisreveredasaformoflanguageart.Morethansimplytellingjokes,Xiangshengreliesheavilyonwordplay,tonguetwisters,doubleextendersandrapidfirebanter.Generallyspeaking,Xiangshengismadeupoffourskills—speaking（simplifiedChinese:

说）,imitating（学）,teasing（逗）,andsinging（唱）（5）.

TherearethreeformsofXiangsheng:

TheearliestonecalledDankouXiangshengwasperformedbyoneperson.Itscontentsweremostlyjokesandhumorousstories,forexample,"

BachelorXie”,"

BorrowArrowswithThatchedBoats”andsoon.Later,DuikouXiangshengperformedbytwopersonsappeared.OnemanwascalledPenggen（捧哏）,andtheother,Duogen（逗哏）.Mostofthetime,DuogenistheprimarytalkerwhilethePenggensidechimesin,forexample,"

TheDishes”"

ToothExtraction”.ThethirdformofXiangshengperformedbymorethantwopersonsiscalledQunkouXiangsheng.Itcallsforonetosayfunnythings,whileotherschimein.Ofthethreeforms,DuikouXiagshengwasthemostpopularandwidespreadone,forexample,ExpertGuidanceandAllMenAreBrothersin2011CCTVSpringFestivalGala（6）.

B.“Xià

ngsheng”inEnglish

“Xià

ngsheng”,manydictionariestranslateitascrosstalk,butwhenwelookfor“crosstalk”inthosedictionaries,wecaneasilyfindthatcrosstalkisfarfromChinese“xià

ngsheng”.

Firstly,XiangshengisatraditionalChineseartcombiningfourbasictechniques:

speaking,imitating,teasing,andsinging.Itisintheformofadialoguebetweentwoperformersorgroupperformers,andalsocangoonasasolomonologue.

Andwhatiscrosstalk?

In“OxfordAdvancedLearner'

sEnglish-ChineseDictionary”and“AHD-AmericanHeritageDictionary”,wecanfindthatcrosstalkis:

n.1.ElectronicsUndesiredsignalsorsounds,inatelephoneorothercommunicationsdeviceasaresultofcouplingbetweentransmissioncircuits.2.Ancillary,incidentalconversation.

HowcouldwestandourgreatXiangshengbeanunwantedcrosstalk?

OtherstranslateXiangshengascomicdialogue,forexample,theNewAgeChinese-EnglishDictionary.Thenwhatiscomicdialogue?

Comic:

n.aprofessionalperformerwhotellsjokesandperformscomicalacts;

whileadialoguemostlyreferstotheconversationbetweentwopersons.Aswecansee,thoughcomicdialogueisalreadysimilartothemeaningofXiangsheng,itignoresthesolomonologue.What’smore,itismorelikeatalk-show.XiangshengisakindofuniqueChineseart,thereisnoequivalentartinothercountriesatall,sowhycannotwejustdirectlytranslateitasXiangsheng?

（Liu21）

C.ComparisonofXiangsheng,TalkShowandStand-upComedy

Atalkshoworchatshow（asisknowninUK）isakindoftelevisionprogrammingorradioprogramminggenreinwhichoneperson（orgroupofpeople）discussesvarioustopicsputforthbyatalkshowhost

（1）.Usually,theguestsconsi