自学考试英语二教材课文讲义unit1.docx

自学考试英语二教材课文讲义unit1.docx

《自学考试英语二教材课文讲义unit1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自学考试英语二教材课文讲义unit1.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

自学考试英语二教材课文讲义unit1

Unit1ThePowerofLanguage

I.Newwordsandexpressions

Newwords

1.criticaladj.有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的

2.non-fictionn.纪实文学

3.positionn.观点；态度；立场

4.statementn.说明；说法；表态

5. question v.表示疑问；怀疑

　outofquestion/outofthequestion

6.evaluatev.估计；评价；评估

7.contextn.事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉

8. value n.values[pl.]是非标准；价值观

　valuable

　invaluable=priceless

　valueless

9.represent v.描述；表现

　representativeadj./n.

10.assertionn.明确肯定；断言

11.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的

　sufficiency

　insufficient

12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]统计数字；统计资料

13.integratev.（使）合并，成为一体

14.authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗

　an/theauthorityonsth.

　authorize

15.compare v.比较；对比

　compareAwithB

　compareAtoB

16.subjectn.主题；题目；题材

17.consistentadj.相符的；符合的

18.inconsistencyn.不一致

19.assumptionn.假定；假设

20.case n.具体情况；事例

　incase

　incaseoffire

　incasethat…

　acaseinpoint

　confirmed/suspectedcases

21.directlyadv.直接地；径直地

22.identifyv.找到；发现

23.valid adj.符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的

　validityn.有效性，正确（性）

　invalid

24.credible adj.可信的；可靠的

　incredible=unbelievable

25.landmarkn.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑

26.relevant adj.紧密相关的；切题的

　relevancyn.关联；恰当

　irrelevant

27.currentadj.现时发生的；当前的

28.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的

　inappropriate

　It's（not）appropriatethat….

29.biasn.偏见；偏心；偏向

30.considerably adv.非常；很；相当多地

　consider

　considering

　considerable

　considerate

　consideration

31.Democratn.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民

32.Republicann.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者

33.reflectv.显示；表明；表达

34.informed adj.有学问的；有见识的

　well-informed

　ill-informed

PhrasesandExpressions

1.applyto使用；应用

2.putforth提出；产生

3.take…intoaccount考虑到；顾及

4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面；信以为真

5.withagrainofsalt有保留地；持怀疑态度地

II.TextLearning

CriticalReading

① 

（1）Criticalreading appliesto non-fictionwriting inwhich theauthor putsforthaposition orseekstomakeastatement. Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust（不只是，不仅仅是）understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying. Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.（启下句）

本部分重点及难点：

1.Criticalreading appliesto non-fictionwriting inwhich theauthor putsforthaposition orseekstomakeastatement.

　applytosb./sth.=beapplicabletosb./sth.

　apply的派生词：

application,applicant,applicable

② Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontext than yours. 

（2）Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwritten sometime agoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours. （3）Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor. 

本部分重点及难点：

2.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwritten sometime agoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.

sometime

注意区分：

sometime/sometimes/sometimes

3. Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeand takeintoaccount anydifferencesbetweenyour valuesandattitudes and those representedbytheauthor.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

those是代词，代替前面的复数名词valuesandattitudes。

代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。

例如：

Thestudentsinyourclassaremorehard-workingthanthoseinhisclass.

Thevaluesoftheyoungpeopledifferfromthoseoftheirelders.

Yourvoiceismorebeautifulthatthatofyourclassmates.

Thepriceofthatbookishigherthanthatofthisone.

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】1.Thenecklacehersisteriswearingismuchmorebeautifulthan______wornbyMary.

∙A．this

∙B．that

∙C．these

∙D．those

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查指代词those/that的用法。

英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。

代替前面的复数名词用those；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。

本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词necklace，故选A。

此处that也可以换成theone。

【知识点】指代词those/that的用法

③ Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswritten atfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade. Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.（承上句）Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.

④ Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject. （4）Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject. Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.（承上句）

本部分重点及难点：

4.Looktoseethatwhatiswritten isconsistentwith whatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.

beconsistentwith与……一致

consist vi.组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）

TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.

Thisdoesn'tconsistwithwhatyoutoldmeearlier.这和你先前告诉我的不符合。

consist的派生词：

consistent,inconsistent,consistency,inconsistency

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】2.Totellyouthetruth,Ireallyhopethatyouractionswillconsist______yourwordsthistime.

∙A．of

∙B．in

∙C．at

∙D．with

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查consist的用法。

consistof意为"由……组成"；consistin意为"在于"；consistwith意为"与……一致"，故选D。

consistat不存在。

该句的意思是"说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。

【知识点】consist的用法

⑤Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.（5）Assumptionsare whatever theauthormustbelieve istrue inordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated. Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.（承上启下句）Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.

⑥Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant. Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.（承上句） Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent（启下句）.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthe currentstateofknowledgeinphysics.

⑦Identifyanypossibleauthorbias. （6）AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikely lookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican. （7）Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflect abiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswrittenwith"agrainofsalt."

⑧ Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecome betterinformed andmay changeyourviewsasappropriate.

本部分重点及难点：

5.Assumptionsare whatevertheauthormustbelieveistrue inordertomakeassertions.

whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成nomatterwhat。

名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，"疑问词ever"不能换成"nomatter+疑问词"，状语从句中可以换用。

例如：

Whoevercomestoourpartyiswelcome.（不能换成nomatterwho…）

Hewilllendahelpinghandtowhoeverneedshishelp.（不能换）

Hewillbuywhateverhissonwants.（不能换）

Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.（能换成nomatterwhat…）

6.AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswill likely lookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.

likely在该句中是副词

likelyadj./adv.

belikelytodosth.

It'slikelythat…

alikelyresult

Profitwillmostlikelyhaverisenbyabout?

2million.利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。

（副词）

likely的派生词：

unlikely,likelihood。

例如：

Thelikelihoodofinfectionisminimal.感染的可能性极小。

7.Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflect abiasedposition.

abiasedposition

bebiasedto/toward（s）/against

反义词：

unbiased

III.部分练习讲解

P111BridgingtheGap

Directions:

Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.

解题方法：

把词分类

动词　　　　名词　　　　形容词　　　　副词

define　　　action　　　powerful　　internally

express　　tears　　　　personal

shape　　　shape　　　　　good

respond　　　to

Languageisoneofthethingsthatsetsusapartasbeings,oneofthethingsthatessentially 1 definesusashumans.Whenlanguageisusedwellitcanelicitverydeepfeelinginothers,motivateothersto 2 actionanddefinethenatureofourrelationships.Sometimesinpoetrythejuxtaposition（并列）oftwowordsoracertainphrasecanbring 3tearstotheeyes,callupawholehostofimageryandmoveusdeeply.Wehaveseenlanguagerecentlyusedinthepoliticsofpersuasion,usedfor 4 goodorill-dependingonyourviewpoint.Whenweuselanguageto 5 expressourtruefeelingstosomeoneitcanopenanddeepentheconnectionbetweenus.Languageisavery 6 powerfultool.Howweuselanguageshapesourworldboth 7 internallyandexternally.Howyouuseself-talk-whatyousaytoyourselfaboutyourselfandabouttheworlddirectly 8 shapes（塑造，使成形） yourexperienceofbothyourselfandtheworld.Howyoudelivercommunicationshapesthewaytheworld 9 responds toyou.Wecanuselanguagemoreeffectivelyinbothspheres:

internalandexternalanddirectlyinfluencethehealthandpowerofour 10 personalrelationshipsandourbusinessrelationships.

I.Newwordsandexpressions

Newwords

1.confidence n.自信心；把握

　相关词：

confident

　beconfidentofsb./sth.

　have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.

　注意比较：

confident/confidential

2.programv.训练；培养

3.masteryn.控制；驾驭

4.destinyn.命运；天命；天数

5.dramaticallyadv.巨大地；惊人地；显著地

6.qualityn.质量；品质

7.subconsciousadj.下意识的；潛意识的

8.pleasev.使满意；使愉快

9.commandn.（给人或动物的）命令

10.knowinglyadv.故意地；蓄意地

11.impactn.巨大影响；强大作用

12.matterv.事关紧要；有重大影响

13.confidentadj.自信的；有自信心的

14.sensen.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识

15.eliminate v.排除；清除；消除

　eliminateallgrammaticalmistakes

　beeliminatedinthefirstround

16.disempower v.剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量

　注意构词法：

dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+power

　en-/em-常见的动词前缀，如：

enable,enrich,endanger,enlarge等。

　empowerv.授权，赋予权利

17.self-esteemn.自尊（心）

18.limit v.限制；限定

　区分两个名词limit和limitation。

　Thereisali