六级真题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

六级真题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

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Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures（环境温度）Supersizesurprise

Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywillhavechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970andtellyouthatit‘saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoo2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13C

to18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendoffewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsense

andhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesitythethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairepidemicandreverseit/yetobesityresearchersareconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978andincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethat1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobesomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttohighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasprecipitate（促成）suchdramaticrisesinobesityovertheshotupto71%from37%in1978.

past40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–

reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffoodCouldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinter

arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,butthey–reallymakeadifferencetoourweight?

cannotexplainitall.thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithSadly，

Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortableoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsforthetemperaturesweuselessenergy.

epidemic.Heretheyare.3.Lesssmoking

1.NotenoughsleepBadnews:

smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantheItiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.restofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusthoughnooneisnsurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtofat?

dowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandSeverallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.appearstoupyourmetabolicrate.

Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveaKatherineFlegalandcolleagresattheUSNationalhigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,CenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,haveaccordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandcalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses‘respousibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSHealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,epidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaroud1991bythefoundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theygainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadewhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhoseweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandwhoslept7.peoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,

nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%It‘swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapsofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.

peoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses‘4.Geneticeffects

studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:

Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinsleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.part,beforeyouwereevenborn.childrenofboesemothersAlthoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwearemuchmorelikelytobecomeobestthemselveslaterinreallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentoidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectunder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grand-childrenofmiceobesity.fedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotheris

fednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeC）Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemicyouwereconceived.D）possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic5.Alittleolder…2.A）gainedtheleastweight

SomegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanB）wereinclinedtoeatless

others.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforC）foundtheirvigorenhanced

healthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundD）werelesssusceptibletoillnessthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyounger3.A）itmakesussleepy

B）itcausessleeplosspeople.non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterend

C）itincreasesourappetiteofthespectreum:

Mexican-americanwomenare30%more

D）itresultsfromlackofsleeplikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomen

4.A）itmakesusstayindoorsmorehavetwicetherisk.

B）itacceleratesourmetabolicrateIntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasing

percentageofthepopulation.between1970and2000theC）itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic

USpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofD）itcontributestoourweightgainHispanic-americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%of5.A）itthreatenstheirhealth

thepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansB）itheightenstheirspirits

increasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinC）itsuppressestheirappetite

partfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.D）itslowsdowntheirmetabolism

6.maturemums6.A）heavysmokers

B）passivesmokersMothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,the

C）thosewhoneversmokemeanageforavingafristchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7

D）thosewhoquitsmokingin1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,

7.A）thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeoplerisingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.

Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitwere‘tfortheB）therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulationobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanC）theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoodsindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSD）theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeoplenationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute‘sstudyfoundthatthe8.accordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloododdsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers‘childrentendtobeextrayearsoftheirmother‘sage,thoughwhythisshouldobeseremainsnotentirelyclear

besoisnotentirelyclear.9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingMichaelSymondsattheuniversityoftotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseoffamilysizeNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bronchildrenhavemore10whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirfatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbronschildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityispartyaccountforagreathershareofthepopulation.In1964,genetiz

britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;

byPartIII

2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.intheUSin1976,9.6%SectionA

ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechile;

in2004itwas11.A）Heisquiteeasytorecognize

17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresingleB）heisanoutstandingspeaker

childrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.C）helookslikeamoviestar

7.LikemarryinglikeD）helooksyoungforhisage

Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydofor12.A）consultherdancingteacher

size.LeanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatB）takeamoreinterestingclass

morelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikeC）continueherdancingclass

cannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.ButcombinedD）improveherdancingskills

withothers-particularlythefactthatobesityispartly13.A）themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaidgenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren-itB）themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospitalamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.C）thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestrain1.A）effectsofobesityonpeople‘shealthinjury

B）thelinkbetweenlifestyleanobesityD）thewomanmaynotfollowedthedoctor‘s

instructionsB.Theairpressureislow.D.Theskyappears14.A）theyarenotinstyleanymorebrighter.

B）theyhavecosthimfartoomuch27.A.Ancientpeoplewerebetteratforetellingtheweather.

C）theynolongersuithiseyesightB.Sailors‘sayingabouttheweatherareunreliable.

D）theyshouldbecleanedregularlyC.Peopleknewlongagohowtopredicttheweather.15.A）hespilledhisdrinkontothefloorD.Itwaseasitertoforecasttheweatherintheolddays.

B）hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloor28A.Weatherforecastisgettingmoreaccuratetoday.

C）hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhomeB.Peoplecanpredicttheweatherbytheirsenses

D）herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephoneC.Whoaretherealespertsinweatherforecast.16.A）fixingsomefurnitureD.Weatherchangesaffectpeople‘sliferemarkably

B）repairingthetoytrain29.A.Theyoftenfeelinsecureabouttheirjobs.

C）readingtheinstructionsB.Theyareunabletodecidewhatto