雾霾-英文ppt.ppt

雾霾-英文ppt.ppt

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1FogandHaze/Smog2ContentsI.BasicinformationoftheHazeII.CausesofhazyweatherIII.TheharmofsmogIV.Methodsandsolutions3BasicinformationoftheHaze祝贺交大主楼发射成功!

Sinceafter4BasicinformationoftheHazeIn1952,theLondonsseverefoglastedfor5days,leadingtodeathof12,000people.LondonXian19522013LondonXian19522013BasicinformationoftheHazeOnDec.5,1952,athicklayeroffogsettledoverthestreetsofLondon,blanketingthecity.Thiswasnoordinarywintermist,butratheranoxioushazeofsulfurdioxidefromcoal-firedindustrialfactoriesandcookstovesinLondonhomes.Ittook20yearstosolvethehazeinLondon.56BasicinformationoftheHazeInChina,alotofcitiesaresufferingfromthesameproblemnow.ShanghaiNanjingBeijingBasicinformationoftheHazeSmoginChinaFewhaveexperiencedmorerapidsuccessinChinathantheautoindustry,whichhasdoubleditsvolumesalesinjustthelastfouryears.Butasangersimmersoverthecountrysairpollution,fingersareincreasinglypointingatthemillionsofnewcarscloggingChineseroads.Afteraweekendinwhichthecountryexperiencedsomeofitsworstsmogonrecord,theMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionpledgedMondaytoreducevehicleemissions,thesourceofaboutaquarterofChinasairpollution.8BasicinformationoftheHazeThemostdistancewayintheworldisthatIcouldntseeChairmanMaoeventhoughIamrightinfrontoftheTiananmen!

世界上最远的距离，是我就站在天安门前却看不到毛主席！

Firstofall,whatissmog?

Firstofall,whatissmog?

ThetermsmogwasinventedtodescribetheThetermsmogwasinventedtodescribethecombinationofsmokeandfogexperiencedbythecombinationofsmokeandfogexperiencedbythecityofLondonintheearly1900s.Modernsmog,cityofLondonintheearly1900s.Modernsmog,however,istypicallyformedbychemicalreactionshowever,istypicallyformedbychemicalreactionsintheloweratmosphere.Thisisknownasintheloweratmosphere.Thisisknownasphotochemicalsmog.photochemicalsmog.SmogSmogisacombinationoffogandhaze.isacombinationoffogandhaze.Aerosolsystemcomposedoftheairinthedust,Aerosolsystemcomposedoftheairinthedust,sulfuricacid,nitricacidandotherparticlessulfuricacid,nitricacidandotherparticlescausevisualdisordercalledhaze.Whentheaircausevisualdisordercalledhaze.Whentheairhumidityincreases,hazewillbetransformedintohumidityincreases,hazewillbetransformedintothefog.thefog.whatissmog?

Modernsmogiscausedbythephoto-chemicalModernsmogiscausedbythephoto-chemicalreactionofamixtureofman-madepollutants,heatreactionofamixtureofman-madepollutants,heatandsunlight.Combinedtogetherundertherightandsunlight.Combinedtogetherundertherightcircumstancestheyproducesmogcircumstancestheyproducesmogsmaincomponent:

smaincomponent:

ozone.Thiscolorlessgasisfoundnaturallyinozone.ThiscolorlessgasisfoundnaturallyintheEarththeEarthsupperatmospherewhereitactsasasupperatmospherewhereitactsasashieldagainstthesunshieldagainstthesunsharmfulultravioletrayssharmfulultravioletraysbutwhenitformsclosetothegrounditcancausebutwhenitformsclosetothegrounditcancauseproblemstoyourhealthandcanevendamagecrops,problemstoyourhealthandcanevendamagecrops,treesandvegetation.treesandvegetation.11BasicinformationoftheHazeRelativeHumidity相对湿度Fog雾Haze霾90%80%Visibility能见度1km1km-10kmnComparisonofFog&Haze12BasicinformationoftheHazeAQJ（AirQualityIndex）空气质量指数PM2.5（particulatematter）PM10（particulatematter）SO2（sulfurdioxide）NO2（nitrogendioxide）O3（ozone）CO（carbonmonoxide）UpdatedEveryhourAPI（AirPollutionIndex）空气污染指数SO2NO2PM10UpdatedEverydaynMeasurement13haze=SONOPM2.514BasicinformationoftheHazePM:

Particulatematter颗粒物PM10:

inhalableparticles可吸入颗粒物PM2.5:

particlescanbedrawnintolung可入肺颗粒物Particlesize300Offthecharts！

爆表了！

爆表了！

16BasicinformationoftheHazeXianfirstgotNo.1intherankingoftheChinesecities!

17Causesofhazyweather1.Largepollutantemission（Theburningofcoalandoil）182.Disadvantageousconditionfordispersal扩散不利扩散不利（thelowatmosphericairpressure.Nowind、norain）Causesofhazyweather19Causesofhazyweather3.Multiplyeffectofregionalpollutionandlocalpollution区域污染和本地污染叠加区域污染和本地污染叠加20Theharmofsmog1、Itmayhasabadeffectonourrespiratory（呼吸）organandcardiovascularsystem（心血管系统统）.7yearsafterserioushaze,therewillbeaperiodthattherateoflungcancerisextremelyhighHazeparticlesmaycauseirritationoftheeyes,nose,throatinhealthyindividuals,wheretheirritationresolvesonitsowninmostcases.Hazeparticlescanaffecttheheartandlungs,especiallyinpeoplewhoalreadyhavechronicheartorlungdiseasee.g.asthma,chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（COPD）,heartfailure.Theremaybeupto1-3daytimelagbetweenexposuretohazeandhealtheffects/symptoms.23Theha