雾霾-英文ppt.ppt

1、1Fog and Haze/Smog2 ContentsI.Basic information of the HazeII.Causes of hazy weatherIII.The harm of smogIV.Methods and solutions3Basic information of the Haze祝贺交大主楼发射成功!Since after4Basic information of the Haze In 1952,the Londons severe fog lasted for 5 days,leading to death of 12,000 people.London

2、 Xian1952 2013London Xian1952 2013Basic information of the HazeOn Dec.5,1952,a thick layer of fog settled over the streets of London,blanketing the city.This was no ordinary winter mist,but rather a noxious haze of sulfur dioxide from coal-fired industrial factories and cook stoves in London homes.I

3、t took 20 years to solve the haze in London.56Basic information of the Haze In China,a lot of cities are suffering from the same problem now.ShanghaiNanjingBeijingBasic information of the HazeSmog in China Few have experienced more rapid success in China than the auto industry,which has doubled its

4、volume sales in just the last four years.But as anger simmers over the countrys air pollution,fingers are increasingly pointing at the millions of new cars clogging Chinese roads.After a weekend in which the country experienced some of its worst smog on record,the Ministry of Environmental Protectio

5、n pledged Monday to reduce vehicle emissions,the source of about a quarter of Chinas air pollution.8Basic information of the HazeThe most distance way in the world is that I couldnt see Chairman Mao even though I am right in front of the Tiananmen!世界上最远的距离，是我就站在天安门前却看不到毛主席！First of all,what is smog?

6、First of all,what is smog?The term smog was invented to describe the The term smog was invented to describe the combination of smoke and fog experienced by the combination of smoke and fog experienced by the city of London in the early 1900s.Modern smog,city of London in the early 1900s.Modern smog,

7、however,is typically formed by chemical reactions however,is typically formed by chemical reactions in the lower atmosphere.This is known as in the lower atmosphere.This is known as photochemical smog.photochemical smog.Smog Smog is a combination of fog and haze.is a combination of fog and haze.Aero

8、sol system composed of the air in the dust,Aerosol system composed of the air in the dust,sulfuric acid,nitric acid and other particles sulfuric acid,nitric acid and other particles cause visual disorder called haze.When the air cause visual disorder called haze.When the air humidity increases,haze

9、will be transformed into humidity increases,haze will be transformed into the fog.the fog.what is smog?Modern smog is caused by the photo-chemical Modern smog is caused by the photo-chemical reaction of a mixture of man-made pollutants,heat reaction of a mixture of man-made pollutants,heat and sunli

10、ght.Combined together under the right and sunlight.Combined together under the right circumstances they produce smogcircumstances they produce smogs main component:s main component:ozone.This colorless gas is found naturally in ozone.This colorless gas is found naturally in the Earththe Earths upper

11、 atmosphere where it acts as a s upper atmosphere where it acts as a shield against the sunshield against the suns harmful ultraviolet rays s harmful ultraviolet rays but when it forms close to the ground it can cause but when it forms close to the ground it can cause problems to your health and can

12、 even damage crops,problems to your health and can even damage crops,trees and vegetation.trees and vegetation.11Basic information of the HazeRelative Humidity相对湿度Fog雾Haze霾90%80%Visibility能见度1km1km-10kmnComparison of Fog&Haze12Basic information of the HazeAQJ(Air Quality Index)空气质量指数PM2.5(particulat

13、e matter)PM10(particulate matter)SO2（sulfur dioxide）NO2（nitrogen dioxide）O3（ozone）CO(carbon monoxide)Updated Every hourAPI(Air Pollution Index)空气污染指数SO2NO2PM10Updated Every daynMeasurement13haze=SONOPM2.514Basic information of the HazePM:Particulate matter 颗粒物 PM 10:inhalable particles 可吸入颗粒物 PM 2.5

14、:particles can be drawn into lung 可入肺颗粒物Particle size 300Off the charts！爆表了！爆表了！16Basic information of the HazeXian first got No.1 in the ranking of the Chinese cities!17Causes of hazy weather1.Large pollutant emission (The burning of coal and oil)182.Disadvantageous condition for dispersal 扩散不利扩散不利

15、 （the low atmospheric air pressure.No wind、no rain）Causes of hazy weather19Causes of hazy weather3.Multiply effect of regional pollution and local pollution 区域污染和本地污染叠加区域污染和本地污染叠加20The harm of smog1、It may has a bad effect on our respiratory（呼吸）organ and cardiovascular system(心血管系统统).7 years after s

16、erious haze,there will be a period that the rate of lung cancer is extremely high Haze particles may cause irritation of the eyes,nose,throat in healthy individuals,where the irritation resolves on its own in most cases.Haze particles can affect the heart and lungs,especially in people who already have chronic heart or lung disease e.g.asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),heart failure.There may be up to 1-3 day time lag between exposure to haze and health effects/symptoms.23The ha