高考定语从句复习必备Word文档格式.docx
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1．关系代词的用法：
关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。
Thecomrade______visitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.（作主语）
Heisnolongertheman______heusedtobe.（作表语）
Thisisthebook______Ireferredtoinmytalk.（作宾语）
WeiFangisthestudent______homecaughtfirelastweek.（作定语）
使用关系代词值得注意以下几点：
that,which在从句中作主语时，不能省略；
作宾语时，在口语和非正式语中经常省略。
whom也常可省略。
Heistheman（whom）youhavebeenlookingfor.（作宾语）
that,which在从句中作主语时，如果先行词前面有序数词、最高级以及有theonly，thevery等修饰时，只能用that,不能用which。
如果先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代词；
或是先行词被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等不定代词修饰时,一般要用that，但是something后面既可用that也可用which。
Titanicisthebestfilm______hasbeenshownthisyear.
Theonlything______mattersistofindourwayhome.
Thisistheverymagazine______youareafter.
I’lldoall______Icantohelpyou.
Isthereanything______Icandoforyouintown?
Thereissomething______keepsworryingme.“有一件事一直令我不安。
如果主句是由who，which，what引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，先行词后的引导词要用that，而不用who或which。
Whoistheman______isreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichisthedictionary______youboughtyesterday?
当先行词是anyone,those,he,she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that。
同时要注意主谓一致的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由who所指代的“人”所决定.
Anyonewhowantsaticketpleasesignyournamehere.
ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:
30p.m.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
whose在定语从句中置于名词之前，充当定语，既可指人，又可指物。
whosexx=thexxofwhich（指物）/whom（指人）。
Pleasepassmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.（指物）
=Pleasepassmethedictionary___________________isblack.
Thedoctor,whosenamewasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.（指人）
=Thedoctor,_________________wasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.
介词+关系代词的用法
关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定；
也可结合句意，根据先行词确定。
该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。
Thepalace（which/that）Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury.
=Thepalace_______________Ioftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.
Ineedapen________________Icanwritealetter.
a.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______hewentontoBeijingUniversity.[2007江苏卷]
A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
b.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.[2007重庆卷]A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich
但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。
如：
Isthisthebook（which/that）youarelookingfor?
（这里介词for一般不提前，因为lookfor是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。
）
先行词既有人又有物时，引导词只用that。
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings（that）theyrememberedintheschool.
先行词是theway时，且在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：
Iliketheway______________theteachergiveshislessons.
Marxtoldustheway__wecouldlearnaforeignlanguagewell.A.whyB.howC.whichD.when
2．关系副词的用法
关系副词when,where,why,在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因。
但要注意与先行词在从句中做主语或宾语的情况相区别。
Iwillneverforgettheday________IfirstcametoBeijing.
Thisisthehouse________LuXunoncelived.
Canyoutellmethereason______yousoldyournewcar?
Eg.Iwillrememberthecottage____Ibuiltwithmywifetenyearsago.
A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.inthat
Iwillrememberthecottage____Iwasshutwithmywifetenyearsago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inthat
Eg.Haveyouaskedherforthelastreason_______mayexplainherabsence?
A.whyB.thatC.becausethatD.which
Itisforthisreason____theclearskyoverthemountainappearsblue.
A.forwhichB.whyC.becauseD.that
c.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.[2007陕西卷]A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
d.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__sightmattersmorethanhearing.
A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where[2007天津卷]
3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，去掉后主句意义就变得不明确，这种主句和从句的关系十分密切，主句与从句之间没有逗号分隔。
Thisisashopthatsellspersonalcomputers.//ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdayworkswell.
非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些，它对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意义。
因此，一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。
这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。
WeareallproudoftheGreatWall,whichisoneoftheman-madewondersoftheworld.
Myfather,whoisadoctor,oftenencouragesmetoworkhard.
e.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,___hefoundajobinabigcompany.[2007辽宁卷]
A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis
一种特殊的非限制性定语从句
在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、分数或百分比与ofwhom或ofwhich连用。
同时要注意主谓一致的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由xxofwhom或xxofwhich所指代的“人”或“物”所决定.
Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad.（比较：
Hehasfivechildren,and_______areabroad.）
f.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.[2007安徽卷]
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
4．定语从句中as的用法
1）as引导的限制性定语从句：
当先行词前有as,thesame,such,so修饰时，关系代词常用as。
Asmanymembersaswerepresentagreedtotheplan.
I’dliketohavethesamebooks___________________与你们学校用的一样.
Heisnotsuchaperson____________________.我期待的那个人
2）as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的异同
which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换：
Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper.
Shewasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.
区别：
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；
而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词后面或主句后面。
Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.
=Theelephant,_________________,islikeasnake.
=Theelephantislikeasnake,__________________.
Marywaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.（此处不能用as,为什么？
看课后作业第21题）
as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。
常用句型有：
asweallknow,asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,asisexpected等。
Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.
as引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触，而which不受此限制。
试比较：
Hedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,_______hadbeenexpected.
Hefailedintheexperiment,________wasunexpected.
5.随堂练习：
1.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.（2005全国卷一I）
A．ofthemB．fromwhichC．whoofD．ofwhom
2.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse___,isthere?
（2005北京）
A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturntoD.forhertoturn
3.Ifashophaschairs__womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where（2005上海）
4.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstuckbyfloods,from__effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.
A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what（2005天津）
5.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,______________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.（2005重庆）
A．duringwhichtimeB．forwhichtimeC．duringwhosetimeD．bythattime
6.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,___________shewantedtobe.（2005湖北）
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
7.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_______toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.
A．thatB．inwhichC．bywhichD．how（2005湖南）
8.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs___theyarebeingtrained.（2005江西）A．inthatB．forthatC．inwhichD．forwhich
9.Thewayhediditwasdifferent__________wewereusedto.（2005江西）
A．inwhichB．inwhatC．fromwhatD．fromwhich
10.Iwalkedinourgarden,___TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（2005辽宁）
A．whichB．whenC．whereD．that
6．课后作业
11.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?
（2005福建）
—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock________hearrivedhome.
A．beforeB．whenC．thatD．until
12.—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?
—Right,justtheone_________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.
A．thatB．whichC．whereD．what
13.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,__________hewentontoCambridge.（2005山东）
A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis
14.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,__________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.2005浙江）
A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it
15.____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmorning.2005浙江）
A.WhenB.afterC.AsD.Since
16.Theplace__thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe__thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.
A.which;
whereB.atwhich;
whichC.atwhich;
whereD.which;
inwhich（2005江苏）
17.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.（2005广东）
A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that
18.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?
（2005北京春）
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what
19.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?
20.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__didn’thelp.（2005全国三）
A．itB．sheC．whichD．he
21.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.（2006江苏卷）
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
22.Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.（2006福建卷）
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
23.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,a
升级会员 