Education religion culture文档格式.docx

Education religion culture文档格式.docx

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NationalCurriculumwasestablished（standardforthewholecountry）

–Stateschoolsmustfollowit

–Privateschoolscanchoosetofollowitornot.

•PrimaryandSecondaryEducation

•Stateschools–schoolsrunbyandpaidforbythegovernment

-Alwaysco-educational（boysandgirlstogether）

•Independentschools（alsocalled“Public”schools）–mustpayafee

–7%ofBritishchildrenattendthesePublicschools

–Someschoolsareforboysonlyorgirlsonly（single-sexschools）

•Coresubjectsforallstudents:

–English,math,science,technology（computers）,P.E.,religion,history,geography,artandmusic

•Educationisnowskill-based,notknowledge-based

–Notjust“what”thechildknows,butalsothatthechildknows“how”tothinkordothings

–Examples:

•Communicationskills:

readingandwriting,usingmathtosolvemanydifferentkindsofproblems

•Cooperationskills:

workingingroups,participation

•Thinkingskills:

problem-solving,doingresearchandanalysis

•GCSEsandSixthForm

•At16yearsold,allstudentstaketheGCSEs（GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation）

–Afterwards,studentsmayleaveschool

–Ortheycancontinuetheireducation…

•TheyproceedtotheSixthForm

–SixthForm=two/threeyearsoffurthereducationbeforetakingtheteststogoontouniversity（16to18yearsold）

–Studentsstudyonly4or5courses,dependingonwhattheywanttostudyandtheirgradesfromtheGCSEs

•TakingtheA-Levels…

•AttheendofSixthForm（18yearsold）,studentstaketheirA-Levelexamsinthese4or5subjects

–Theyreceivea“GeneralCertificateofEducation,Advanced-Level”

–Theirscoreshelpdetermineuniversityacceptanceornot

•Statevs.Independent

•HowmanystudentschoosetocontinueeducationaftertheGCSEs?

–StateSchools:

only40%ofstudentscontinueaftertheGCSEs,totaketheA-Levelexams

–IndependentSchools（“Public”Schools）:

90%ofstudentscontinueontotaketheA-Levelexams

•PublicSchools

Independentschools=“Public”schools:

theseareschoolsthatare“independent”fromthegovernmentPrivateschools!

•Manypublicschoolsarepartlyfundedbythegovernment

•Forstudentsages12to18

–（Beforeage12,studentsgoto“preparatoryschools”–privateprimaryschools）

•IndependentSchoolCouncil:

organizationthatinspectsthesePublicschoolsevery6years

•Somepublicschoolsarealsoboardingschools

-Whatisaboardingschool?

（RememberfromOralEnglish）

•Recruitthebestteachers（becauseofbettersalaries）,sotheyaregenerallymuchbetterthanthestateschools

•HigherEducation

•SomeofthebestuniversitiesintheworldareinGreatBritain

–OxfordUniversity

–CambridgeUniversity

•Universitiesareindependent:

havecompletecontroloverwhatandhowtheyteach

•Nonationalentranceexam–insteaduniversitieschoosewhotoacceptusing:

–GradesfromtheA-levelexams

–Schoolreferences

–Interview

•Only1/3orsoofyoungpeoplegotocollegeoruniversity

–Butthisisanimprovement:

10yearsago,wasonly1/6ofyoungpeople

•OxfordandCambridgeUniversities

•Alluniversitiesreceivemoneyfromthegovernment–thegovernmentprovides65%ofthemoneytheyspend

（well,thereisoneexception:

BuckinghamUniversityiscompletelyprivate–nomoneyfromthegovernment）

•Before1998,universitieswerefreeforstudents

–Buttoday,allstudentsmustpaytuition

•Today,universitiescanchoosehowmuchtuitiontocharge

–Butthegovernmentsetsa£

3,000limit（peryear）

–HowmuchisthatinRMB?

31,650RMB

•Governmentalsogivesmaintenancegrants:

–Scholarshipstoallowstudentsfrompoorfamiliestoattenduniversity

•HowlongisGB’shighereducation?

•InBritain:

studentsspend3yearsinuniversityfortheirfirstdegree

–BA–BachelorofArts

–BSC–BachelorofScience

•Canbelongerforforeignlanguagestudents:

–Thesestudentsoftenstudyabroadforasemesterorayearduringthistime,soittakeslonger

•+1moreyearfull-time（2yearspart-time）toreceiveaMaster’sdegree

•+3-5moreyearstoreceiveaDoctoraldegree

–Studyanddoingresearch

•Culture

•fullofcultureandtraditionsforhundredsofyears. 

•famousallovertheworld.

•drinkingtea,eatingfishandchipsandwearingbowlerhats,

•traditionsofsport,music,foodandmanyroyaloccasions..

•Tea

•Atea-drinkingnation.

–165millioncupsofthestuffperday

–Eachyear144thousandtonsofteaareimported.

•Brewedinawarmedteapot,addingonespoonfulofteaperpersonandoneforthepot.

•MostBritonsliketheirteastronganddark,butwithalotofmilk.

•Howtomaketea…

ThetraditionalEnglishwayofmakingteais:

•Boilsomefreshcoldwater.（useanelectrickettletoboilwater）

•Putsomehotwaterintotheteapottomakeitwarm.

•Pourthewateraway

•Putoneteaspoonoftea-leavesperperson,andoneextratea-spoon,intothepot.

•Pourboilingwaterontothetea.

•Leaveforafewminutes.

•Serve

•DidYouKnow…?

•“Wouldyoulikeacuppa”=Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?

•“Letmebemother”or“ShallIbemother?

”meanstheyareofferingtopourtheteafromtheteapotintoyourteacup

Teawordsorphrases:

•Teabreak,hightea,teaparty

•Teabreaksarewhenteaandbiscuits（cookies）areserved（typicallyat11amand4pm）

•Ifsomethingisnotquitetoyourtaste,it’sprobably“notyourcupoftea”

–Example:

“Parasailingisnotmycupoftea”

•Otherbeverages…

Coffee

•aspopularinBritainasteais.

•drinkitwithmilkorhaveitblackandeitherhavefreshly-madecoffeeorinstantcoffee.

Beer

•wellknownforitsale（akindofbeer）whichtendstobedarkinappearanceandheavierthanlager. 

Wine

•Britain'

swineindustryisgrowingandnowhasover300wineproducers.AgrowingnumberofBritishvineyardsarenowproducingsparklingwhitewineaswellasredwine.

•FishandChips

•Fishandchips--classicEnglishtake-awayfood

•ThetraditionalnationalfoodofEngland（unofficially）

•Popularinthe1860'

swhenrailwaysbegantobringfreshfishstraightfromtheeastcoasttothecitiesovernight

•Pubs

Whatisapub?

•Theword“pub”isshortforpublichouse.

•ThisiswherecanpeopleeatinBritainapartfromathomeorinarestaurant

•PubsareanimportantpartofBritishlife.

•Peopletalk,eat,drink,meettheirfriendsandrelaxthere.

（popularsocialmeetingplaces）

•Over60,000pubsintheUK

–（53,000inEnglandandWales,5,200inScotlandand1,600inNorthernIreland）

•Pubsoftenhavetwobars,oneusuallyquieterthantheother

•Manyhaveagardenwherepeoplecansitinthesummer.Childrencangoinpubgardenswiththeirparents.

•BarCustoms

•Groupsoffriendsnormallybuy'

rounds'

ofdrinks

•Itissometimesdifficulttogetservedwhenpubsarebusy:

–peopledonotwaitinline,butthebarstaffwillusuallytryandservethosewhohavebeenwaitingthelongestatthebarfirst.

•Ifyouspillastranger'

sdrinkbyaccident,itisgoodmannerstooffertobuyanotherdrink.

•BritishBeer

•Mostpubsbelongtoabrewerybutsellmanydifferentkindsofbeer,someontap（fromabigcontainerunderthebar,calledakeg）andsomeinbottles.

•BitterBeer,whichisdarkandservedatroomtemperature（nothot,notcold）.Britishbeerisbrewedfrommaltandhops.

•Morepopulartodaythoughislager,（lighterincolorandservedcold.）Guinness,averydark,creamykindofbeercalledastout,ismadeinIrelandandispopularalloverBritain.

•IntheWestofEngland,ciderisverypopular.Likewine,itisdescribedassweetordry,butisdrunkinbeerglassesandcanbestrongerthanbeer.

•Beersareservedin"

pints"

foralargeglassand"

halves"

forasmallerone.

•Mostpubsareopenfrom

11amto11pm

•Games

•Variousgames,especiallydarts,arecommonlyfoundinpubs

•Also,livetransmissionsofsoccer（football）orotherleaguematchesareshownonTVatthepubs,sothatfriendscancomeandwatchthematchtogetheratthepub.

•LicensingLaws

•Thelegalagetopurchasealcoholis18.

–Peopleaged16and17,withthelicensee'

spermission,mayconsumeonly1glassofwine,beerorciderwithatablemeal,providingthey'

rewithanadultandtheadultordersit（England&

Walesonly,Scotlandnoadultrequiredtobepresent）.

•Itisillegaltosellalcoholtosomeonewhoalreadyappearsdrunk

•AskforPhotoID（under21.）

–Purchasingalcoholonbehalfofaminorwillresultinan£

80on-the-spotfine

•Fourteen-year-oldsmayenterapubwithoutanadultiftheyorderameal.Childrenmayenterapubwiththeirparentsuntil9p.m.,whichletsfamiliesenjoyreasonablypricedpubmealstogether,andallowspubstocontinueintheirtraditionalrolesascommunitycenters

•CustomsinBritishPubs

•DifferentfromthoseinAmericanbars.

–InBritain,youmustgotothebartoorderdrinksandfoodandpayforyourpurchaseimmediately,thereisnotableservice.

•Bar