高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 第一讲 构词法 新人教版Word文档格式.docx
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correctv.改正;
纠正 correctionn.改正
celebratev.庆祝celebrationn.庆祝;
庆祝会
concludev.完成;
结束conclusionn.结论;
结束
2.动词+er/or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)
drivev.驾驶开车;
驱赶 drivern.司机;
驾驶员
gatherv.聚集;
采集gatherern.收集者;
采集者
conductv.指挥;
管理conductorn.指挥;
售票员
3.动词+ment→名词
punishv.惩罚punishmentn.惩罚
4.动词/形容词+th→名词
warmadj.温暖的warmthn.温暖
growv.生长growthn.生长
5.形容词+y→名词
difficultadj.困难的difficultyn.困难
honestadj.诚实的honestyn.诚实
6.形容词+ness→名词
kindadj.善良的kindnessn.善良
7.动词+ance→名词
annoyvt.使烦恼annoyancen.生气;
烦恼
8.ship结尾的名词(表示身份、关系、资格)
membern.成员;
会员membershipn.会员资格
professorn.教授professorshipn.教授身份
9.ing结尾的名词
gardenn.花园gardeningn.园艺
greetv.打招呼;
问候greetingn.问候
10.age结尾的名词
marryv.结婚marriagen.婚姻
shortadj.短的shortagen.短缺
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
Fromthe1. (express)onMary'
sface,heknewheleftbad2. (impress)onherandifshewonthe3. (elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment4. (organize),hecouldnotgether5.________(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof6. (pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterEarth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation,hegot7. (inspire)fromhiswife'
swords.Yes,heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis8.________(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear,youarereallyawonderful9. (help)!
I'
msureIwillbethe10. (win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.
ItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1. (earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses,sowhenhiswifegave2. (bear)totheirseconddaughter,theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritiousfood.Soon,poornutritioncausedthe3. (die)ofthepoorbaby.4. (lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5. (relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6. (brave)and7. (persevere),hemanagedtogainthe8. (citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.________(settle).Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis:
Perseveranceleadsto10. (happy)andsuccess.
强化训练一
A.1.expression 2.impression 3.election 4.Organization
5.permission 6.pollution 7.inspiration 8.determination
9.helper 10.winner
B.1.earnings 2.birth 3.death 4.Loneliness
5.relations/relatives 6.bravery 7.perseverance
8.citizenship 9.settlement 10.happiness
(二)形容词、副词后缀
1.常见形容词后缀
(1)名词+al→形容词(表示有……属性,与……有关)。
agriculturen.农业 agriculturaladj.农业的
(2)动词+ive→形容词。
decidev.决定;
下决心
decisiveadj.决定性的;
关键的
(3)动词+able→形容词(表示能够,适于,值得)。
changev.变化;
兑换
changeableadj.易变的;
变化无常的
(4)名词+ful→形容词。
caren.小心;
关心carefuladj.小心的;
仔细的
(5)名词+less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)。
关心carelessadj.粗心的
(6)名词+ly→形容词。
friendn.朋友friendlyadj.友好的
(7)名词+y→形容词。
dirtn.污物;
脏物dirtyadj.脏的
(8)名词+ous→形容词。
dangern.危险dangerousadj.危险的
2.副词后缀
形容词+ly→副词。
carefuladj.仔细的carefullyadv.仔细地
3.复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词+ing分词。
easygoing随和的
(2)形容词+名词+ed。
kindhearted善良的;
好心的
(3)名词+ed分词。
watercovered被水覆盖的
(4)副词+ed分词。
wellwritten写得好的
(5)数词+名词+ed。
threelegged三条腿的
Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线单词的汉语意思。
1.Youcanfindtheworld'
slargestcarrentalcompanyinthatcountry.( )
2.Thegoodworkingconditioninthiscityisattractive.( )
3.Youcanrelyonhimbecauseheisreliable.( )
4.Herwordsstruckfearintoherheart,soshewassleeplessallnightlong,afraidofbeingkilledunexpectedlysomeday.( )
5.Itwasafrostycoldmorningwhenhesetofffortheremotevillage.( )
6.Asweknow,theAntarcticisanicecoveredcontinent.( )
7.EverybodysaysLilyisaneasygoinggirl,soshehasmanyfriends.( )
8.Theoldman'
ssunburntfacesuggestedhehadworkedhardinthefieldinsummer.( )
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文。
Lucylikestalkingandeverybodysayssheis1. (communicate).Sheis2. (act)inansweringtheteachers'
questionsandfromtimetotimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3. (impress)and4. (accept).Ofcourse,noteverystudentlikesher,butshehasmanyfriendswhothinkLucyisa5.________(create)and6. (help)girl.Forexample,sheonceleda7.________(home)childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister.Besides,shespent8. (count)hourscaringforasickneighboruntilshewaswellagain.Sheis9. (friend)tothosewhohavedifficultywiththeirsubjects.Allinall,Lucyisthemost10. (fame)girlinherschool.
强化训练二
Ⅰ.1.租赁的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的;
靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的;
不眠的 5.有霜的 6.冰雪覆盖的 7.随和的 8.被太阳晒黑的
Ⅱmunicative 2.active 3.impressive
4.acceptable 5.creative 6.helpful 7.homeless
8.countless 9.friendly 10.famous
(三)动词词缀
1.前缀en+形容词→动词
enrichv.丰富 enlargev.变大;
增大;
扩大
2.形容词+en→动词
enlightenv.说明;
阐明 shortenv.缩短
widenv.加宽
3.fy结尾的动词
simplifyv.简化 classifyv.归类
4.ize结尾的动词
realizev.认识到 popularizev.普及
Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线部分的意思。
1.Extracurricularactivitiesenablethestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks.( )
2.Thetwocountriesaretryingtheirbesttonormalize_their_relationship.( )
3.Somethinkthatstudyingabroadcanbroaden_their_horizon.( )
4.Youwillhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly.( )
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Tryyourbestto (memory)thesenewwords.
2.Thequestionmustbe (simple)sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit.
3.Itcostsalotofmoneyifweplanto (pure)thewastewater.
4.He (quick)hisstepstoarrivehomeearlier.
5.Youcan (large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.
强化训练三
Ⅰ.1.使能够 2.使关系正常化 3.拓宽视野 4.使恐惧
Ⅱ.1.memorize 2.simplified 3.purify 4.quickened
5.enlarge
(四)否定词缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
un不,非 unable不能够 unlucky不幸的
dis不,非 dishonest不诚实的
discontinuous不连贯的
in不,非 inactive不活跃的 incorrect不正确的
im不,非 impatient不耐烦的
impossible不可能的
ir不,非 irregular不规则的
irresponsible不负责任的
il不,非 illogical不合逻辑的 illegal非法的
non不,非 nonexistent不存在的
nonstop直达的;
连续不断的
mis错误 mislead误导 misunderstand误解
dis+动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢
disagree不同意
un+动词(意义相反) uncover揭开
undress脱衣服
2.表示否定意义的后缀
名词+less→否定意义的形容词
usen.用处 uselessadj.无用的
hopen.希望hopeless没有希望的;
绝望的
homen.家homelessadj.无家可归的
Thespeechseemedtobe1. (stop)andthelistenersbecamevery2. (patient).Whenthespeakersaidthatoilwas3. (renew)andthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblemwasnottomakecarsandbusestoforcepeopletogotoworkorschoolonfoot,theaudiencethoughtitwas4. (practice)and5. (bear)tolistentohimanylonger.They6. (believe)thattheworldwouldgosmoothlywithoutthesemoderntransportations.Theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas7. (responsible)tomakesuchastatementwithoutthinkingitcarefullyandhisspeechwouldcausesome8.________(understand).Somostofthelistenerschosetoleave,shoutingloudlyandangrily.
强化训练四
1.nonstop 2.impatient 3.nonrenewable 4.impractical
5.unbearable 6.disbelieved 7.irresponsible
8.misunderstandings
阅读下列短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
(一)
WaltDisneywasanAmericanfilmproducer,1.______(direct),screenwriter,voiceactor,animator,entrepreneur,entertainer,internationaliconandphilanthropist(慈善家).Disneyisfamousforhisinfluenceinthefieldof2.______(entertain)duringthe20thcentury.AlongwithhisbrotherRoyO.Disney,hecofoundedtheWaltDisneyProductions,whichlaterbecameoneofthewellknownmotionpicture3.______(produce)intheworld.
Disneyisparticularly4.________(note)forbeingafilmproducerandapopularshowman,aswellasaninnovatorinanimationandthemeparkdesign.Heandhisstaffcreatedanumberoftheworld'
smostfamousfictionalcharactersincludingMickeyMouse,acharacterforwhichDisneyhimselfwasthe5.______(origin)voice.HegavehisnametotheDisneylandandWaltDisneyWorldResortthemeparksintheUnitedStates,aswellastheinternationalresortslikeTokyoDisneyResort,DisneylandParis,andHongKongDisneyland.Thenewseries,AliceComedies,wasreasonably6.______(success),andfeaturedbothDawnO'
DayandMargieGayasAlice.Bythetimetheseriesendedin1927,thefocuswasmoreonacatnamedJulius.
Disney'
scartoonsbecame7.______(wide)popularintheKansasCityarea.Throughtheirsuccess,Disneywasabletoacquirehisownstudio,alsocalledLaughOGram,forwhichhehiredavastnumberofadditionalanimators.Unfortunately,thestudioprofitswere8.______(sufficient)tocoverthehighsalariespaidto9.______(employ),forWaltwas10.______(able)tosuccessfullymanagemoneythen.Asaresult,thestudiobecameloadedwithdebt.Disneythendecidedtosetupastudiointhemovieindustry'
scapitalcity,Hollywood,California.
(二)
Newspaperisapublicationdevoted1.______(chief)topresentingandcommentingonthenews.Newspapersprovideanexcellentmeansofkeepingpeoplewellinformedoncurrentevents.Theyalsoplayan2.______(extreme)importantroleinshapingpublicopinion.
Newspapershavecertainadvantagesoverothermajornewsmedia-television,radio,theInternet,andnewsmagazines.Forexample,newspaperscancovermorenewsinmuchgreaterdetailthantelevisionandradionewscasts.Newsmagazinesfocusonchief3.______(nation)andinternationalevents.Butnewspapersreportlocalaswellasnationalandinternationalnewsandnewspapersofferthepublicsome4.______(humor)storiesandattractivestoriesabout5.__________(wealth)orfamouspeopleaswellas6.______(fool)littlepersons.
However,newspapersalsoha