考研英语二真题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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6
one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential
7
toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.
Theideaisto
8
afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould
9
whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense
10
bythegovernment.
GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto
11
justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.
12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa
13
community.
Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith
14
trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure
15
whichthetransactionruns”.
Still,theadministration’splanhas
16
privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;
othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould
17
beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.
Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith
18
bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet
19
.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe
20
toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.
1．A.swept
B.skipped
C.walked
D.ridden
2．A.for
B.within
C.while
D.though
3．A.careless
B.lawless
C.pointless
D.helpless
4．A.reason
B.reminder
C.compromise
D.proposal
5．A.information
B.interference
C.entertainmentD.equivalent
6．A.by
B.into
C.from
D.over
7．A.linked
B.directed
C.chained
D.compared
8．A.dismiss
B.discover
C.create
D.improve
9．A.recall
B.suggest
C.select
D.realize
10．A.relcased
B.issued
C.distributed
D.delivered
11．A.carryon
B.lingeron
C.setin
D.login
12．A.Invain
B.Ineffect
C.Inreturn
D.Incontrast
13．A.trusted
B.modernized
C.thriving
D.competing
14．A.caution
B.delight
C.confidence
D.patience
15．A.on
B.after
C.beyond
D.across
16．A.divided
B.disappointed
C.protected
D.united
17．A.frequestly
B.incidentally
C.occasionally
D.eventually
18．A.skepticism
B.relerance
C.indifference
D.enthusiasm
19．A.manageable
B.defendable
C.vulnerable
D.invisible
20．A.invited
B.appointed
C.allowed
D.forced
完形填空参考答案
1~5ACBDD
6~10BACCB
11~15DBACA
16~20ADACD
SectionII
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text
1
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:
ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;
howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?
ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.
Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.
TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.
Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor
.
[A]gainingexcessiveprofits
[B]failingtofulfillherduty
[C]refusingtomakecompromises
[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes
22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe
[A]generousinvestors
[B]unbiasedexecutives
[C]sharepriceforecasters
[D]independentadvisers
23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto
[A]becomemorestable
[B]reportincreasedearnings
[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket
[D]performworseinlawsuits
24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors
[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm
[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm
[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm
[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis
[A]permissive
[B]positive
[C]scornful
[D]critical
TEXT1
参考答案
21．A。
细节题：
原文第1段，倒数第3行的howcould…?
直接提到了bonuspayouts就是说profits。
22．C。
原文中出现outsidedirectors有几处，helpfulbutlessbiasedadvisor，但是B选项用的是executive,拼凑答案，D选项也是一样。
最后一句weatheredtheirowncrises对应forecasters。
23．C。
原文是若干个并列，stockislikelytoperformworse对应答案，迷惑选项是B，但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。
24．A。
推理题：
原文对应firmswhowantto…..说想留住outsidedirector就是增加incentive。
25．B。
态度题：
文章各个段落都说outsidedirector的方面。
因此是positive
4
WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?
Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.
Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.
YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.
Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry’svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;
intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.
A“southern”campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:
”Europeaneconomicgovernment”withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:
e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.
ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:
builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmo
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