英美概况课后练习答案Word下载.docx

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Cinsummer.Sunshinehoursarefewerinmoresoutherlyclimates

The"

backboneofEngland"

:

ItreferstothePennines,arangeofhillsextendingabout257kmsouthwardfromtheCheviotHillsontheScottishbordertocentralEngland.

Whatpercentageofthecountry'

swaterrequirementsareobtainedfromundergroundsources?

-About38%ofthecountry'

swaterrequirementsdependonundergroundsources.

ChapterIIIEconomy

WhatarethecharacteristicsoftheBritisheconomy?

-TheBritisheconomywasthefirsttohavebeenfullyindustrialized.Britainwasoneoftheworld'

smostadvancedmanufacturingandtradingnations.Thepoundsterlingistheexchangecurrencyforaboutonethirdoftheworld'

sforeigntrade.Theagriculturedoesnotproduceenoughfoodtomeetthecountry'

sbasicneedsandpartofallvitalfoodstuffshastobeimported.Thelaborforceishomogeneous.

ChapterVTheMainCities

WhichcityisthecapitalofEnglandandGreatBritain?

IsitthepoliticalcentreoftheCommonwealth?

-LondonisthecapitalofEngland,anditisalsothepoliticalcentreoftheCommonwealth.

WhatdoesLondonconsistofadministratively?

-LondonadministrativelyconsistsofthecityofLondon,theoriginalnucleus,retainingamedievalsystemofgovernmentofcourtsofaldermenandanelectedlordmayor;

andGreaterLondonametropolitancounty,madeupofInnerLondonboroughsand20OuterLondonboroughs.

GreaterLondon:

Itisametropolitancounty（pop.7million）,madeupof12InnerLondonboroughs,20OuterLondonboroughs.

PartThreeCulture

ChapterIEducation

Howmanyyearsdoesapupilstudyataprimarystateschool?

-Sixyears,fromtheageoffivetoeleven.

Whichtypeofschoolsenrollsthetoppupilsatsecondaryeducation?

-Grammarschoolsenrollsthetoppupilsatsecondaryeducation.

HowmanytypesofuniversitiesarethereinBritain?

Whichtwouniversitiesarethemostfamousones?

-Therearefivetypes:

1）olduniversities,2）thefourScottishuniversities,3）:

themiddle-ageduniversities,4）thenewuniversities,5）theOpenUniversity,andBuckinghamUniversity（independentuniversity）.OxfordandCambridgearetheoldestandthemostfamousintheworld.

Howare"

public"

schoolsfinanced?

-PublicschoolsintheUKarefinancedmainlybyfeespaidbyparentsandprivatefunds.

EtonCollege:

ItisoneofthelargestindependentsecondaryschoolsinEnglandandoneofthemostprestigious.

Howdoyouunderstand"

Marriagesignifiesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily"

?

-Britishsocietyisbasedonfamilylifeandthefamilyisaself-containedeconomicandsocialunitwithmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouse.Somarriagesignifiesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily.

Howdothenewlywedssolvetheproblemofhousing?

-1）Theylookthroughadvertisementstofindahouseforrent.2）Theymaymortgageahousethroughabuildingsociety.3）Iftheyhaveenoughmoneytheymaybuyahouse,butthisseldomhappens.

WhatisthefirstcourseofanEnglishlunch?

DoyouthinkitsimilarordifferentfromtheChinesewayofservingfood?

-ThefirstcourseofanEnglishlunchisasmallquantityofsoup.ItisdifferentfromtheChinesewayofservingfood.InChinathisisusuallythelastcourse.

CanyoushowusanexampleoftheconservativecharacteristicoftheBritishpeople?

-OneexampleisthattheBritishpeoplehavebeenslowadoptingrationalreforms,suchasthemetricsystem.

SomepeoplesaythattheEnglishmanislikeacoldfishthathasjustcomeoutoftheice.Whatdoyouthinkofthat?

-Thismaybetrue.TheBritishpeoplearecoldbynature.Theydonotshowtheirfeelingsverymuchanddonotshowtheiremotioniftheyareveryhappyandneitherdotheyiftheyaresad.Forexample,whenyouworkatafactory,theguywhomyouworkwithnevertellsyouanythingabouthimself.Youmayworkwithhimforyears,yetyouevendon'

tknowwherehelives,howmanychildrenhehasandwhathisinterestsare.

fierceindividualism:

Itistheideathattherightsandfreedomoftheindividualarethemostimportantrights.

exclusiveness:

Thisisthebest-knownqualityoftheBritishpeople.Itmeans,"

IamEnglish.Youstayawayfromme.Iamexclusive.Iamquitehappytobe:

myself.Idonotneedyou.Leavemealone."

ChapterIIICustomsandHabits

WhatdidJohnBulldenoteintheseventeenthcenturyandwhatishisimage?

-JohnBulldenotesBritainoranyEnglishmaninthe17thcentury.Hisimageisshortandfat,withatallhatonhisheadandpairofbootsonhisfeet.

WhydoesanEnglishmanliketotalkabouttheweather?

-Thereareprobablytworeasons.Oneistheuncertaintyoftheweather.Anotherreasonisthatweatherisasubjectwhichisquitesafe,friendlytotalk.about.

Whatarethethree"

Don'

ts"

Andthree"

ings"

-Three"

Don'

tjumpupthequeue.Don'

taskawoman'

sage.Don'

ttrytobargaininBritainwhenyoudoshopping.

Three"

Ings"

betting,drinkingandtipping.

JohnBull:

ItisthenicknameofEnglandoratypicalEnglishman.

ChapterIVHolidaysandFestivals

Howlongapproximatelydotheindustrialworkershaveforholidays?

-Theindustrialworkershaveatleastfourweeks'

paidholiday.

HowdotheEnglishpeopleusuallyspendholidays?

-Theyusuallyspendtheirholidaysattheresortsoftheseaside.Theretheyhaveswimming,bathing,orhaveotherkindsofamusement,suchasshooting,roundabouts,watchingabeautycontest,goingtoaconcertoraparty.Andsomeofthepeoplegoabroadforsightseeing.

WhatfestivalisthegreatestinBritain?

Whatisitssignificanceandatwhattimeisitcelebrated?

-ChristmasDayisthegreatestfestivalinBritain.Itssignificance•istocommemoratethebirthofJesusChristwhichisonDecember25.

Christmas:

ChristmasDayisonDecember25,whichisthegreatestoftheChristianfestivals,commemoratingitasthebirthofJesusChrist.Itisbasically,ahomeorfamilyfestival.Thosewholiveawaytrytogetbackhometo:

celebratethedaywiththefamily.Peoplesendpresents;

cardstoeachotherespeciallychildrenhavetheirpresentsfromSantaClaus.Peopleusuallyhavealsumptuousdinner,manykindsofamusement.

ChapterVWagesandSocialBenefits

HowlongisthestandardworkingweekusuallyinBritain?

-Thestandardworkingweekisusuallythirty-fiveandfortyhours,andoftenspreadoverfivedays,fromMondaytoFriday.

WhatisthedifferencebetweenwagesandSalary?

-Wagesispaymentmadeorreceivedforworkorservices,usuallyweekincash.Salaryispaymentforregularwork,usuallymonthly.

HowmanykindsofpensionsintheUnitedKingdom?

-TherearemainlysixkindsofpensionsintheUnitedKingdom.TheyareOccupationalPension,PersonalPension,StatePension,PensionCredit,Over80PensionandStakeholderPension.

WhatarethethreemaingroupsofChristianity?

WhichgroupdoestheChurchofEnglandbelongto?

-ThethreegroupsofChristianityareCatholicism,theOrthodoxEasternChurch,andProtestantism.TheChurchofEnglandbelongstoProtestantism.

WhatarethemainfeaturesandtendenciesofreligioninBritain?

-Themainfeaturesare:

1）Thereisno"

Christian"

politicalparty,noanti-religiousoranti-clericalpartyeither.2）Thereisawidespreadinterestinreligion.ThemaintendenciesofreligioninBritainare1）theunityamongthechurches,2）moresocial,3）up-to-date.

WhatareCrown'

sconstitutionalrights?

-TheQueenappointedallministersintheGovernment.Shesummons,prologuesanddissolvesParliament.Sheconcludestreatiesanddeclareswar.Inthenewsessionshemakestheopeningspeechandoutlineshergovernment'

sprogramme.Shegivesherassenttobillsbeforetheybecomelaw.Sheconferspeeragesandotherhonors.

WhatisthecoreoftheleadershipoftheBritishgovernment?

-TheCabinetisthecoreoftheleadershipoftheBritishgovernment.

WhatdoestheCabinetconsistof?

-TheCabinetconsistsofthePrimeMinister,theLordPresidentofthePrivycouncil,theheadsofthemostimportantDepartmentsandafewministerswithoutportfolios.