最新初中英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题含答案.docx
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最新初中英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题含答案
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编
1.阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
In1845,adeadlydiseasestruckthefarmsofIreland,killingalltheLumperpotatoplants.Inanotherplaceortime,thedeathofsinglecropspecies(物种)mightnothavebeensoimportant.ButinIreland,in1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatoforfood.Thedeathofonespeciescausedaterriblefamine(饥荒).Now,somescientistsareworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain,butonamuchwiderscale.
Overthecenturies,farmershavediscoveredthousandsofdifferentspeciesoffoodcrops.Eachspecieshasspecialqualities.Somecanbegrowninveryhotorcoldclimates.Othersarenotaffectedbycertaindiseases.However,youwon'tfindmanyofthesespeciesinyourlocalsupermarket.TofeedthesevenbillionpeopleonEarth,mostfarmerstodayaregrowingonlyspeciesofplantsandfarmingonlyspeciesofanimalsthatareeasytoproduceinlargenumbers.
Forexample,inthePhilippines,therewereoncethousandsofvarietiesofrice:
nowfewerthan100aregrownthere.InChina,90percentofthewheatvarietiesgrownjustacenturyagohavedisappeared.Scientistsbelievethatoverthepastcentury,wehaveallowedmorethanhalfoftheworld'sfoodvarietiestodisappear.
Onesolutiontothisproblemistocollectandstoretheseeds(种子)asmanydifferentplantvarietiesaswecanbeforetheydisappear.TheideawasfirstsuggestedbyRussianscientistNikolayVavilov.Inthe1920sand1930s,hecollectedaround400,000seedsfromfivecontients.Morerecently,othersarecontinuingtheworkhebegan.
IntheU.S.stateofIowa,DianeOttWhealywantedtoprotecthistoricplantvarieties,liketheseedshergreat–grandfatherbroughttotheU.S.fromGermanymorethanahundredyearsago.SheandherhusbandstartedaplacecalledHeritageFarm,wherepeoplecanstoreandtradeseeds.
Moreimportantly,thepeopleatHeritageFarmdon'tjuststoretheseeds;theyplantthem.Bydoingthis,theyarereintroducingfoodsintothemarketplacethathaven'tbeengrownforyears.Thesefoodspeciesarenotjustspecialintermsofappearanceortaste.Theyalsoofferfarmersfoodsolutionsforthefuture,fromthepast.
(1)Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?
A. Theneedtoprotectdifferentfoodspecies.
B. Howtoincreasethenumberoffoodspecies.
C. Thefactthatmanyfoodspeciesaredyingout.
D. Howtopreventfoodspeciesfromdisappearing.
(2)Whyaresomescientistsworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain?
A. Becausepeopledependoncertainspeciesoffoodcrops.
B. Becausethesamedeadlydiseasemayattackcropsagain.
C. Becausetheworld'spopulationislargerthanthatin1845.
D. Becausefarmersgrowthesamepotatoesasthoseinthepast.
(3)Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.
Meanwhile,thousandsofotherspeciesaredyingout.
A. Paragraph1
B. Paragraph2
C. Paragraph3
D. Paragraph4
(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. ThediseasespreadveryquicklyandkilledthousandsofpeopleinIreland.
B. Around80percentofthericevarietiesinthePhilippineshavedisappeared.
C. Peoplehavebeenstoringseedstosaveplanevarietiesforlessthan100years.
D. HeritageFarmisthefirstplaceintheU.S.forpeopletostoreandtradeseeds.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了人们发现方法来阻止食物物种消失。
(1)主旨题。
根据全文可知主要讲了人们发现方法来阻止食物物种消失,故选D。
(2)细节题。
根据in1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatoforfood.Thedeathofonespeciescausedaterriblefamine(饥荒).Now,somescientistsareworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain,butonamuchwiderscale.可知人们依赖单一的土豆或者食物,所以科学家担心饥荒再次来临,故选A。
(3)推断题。
根据第二段However,youwon'tfindmanyofthesespeciesinyourlocalsupermarket.在超市里不能发现这些物种,因为一些正在灭绝,故选B。
(4)细节题。
根据ButinIreland,in1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatoforfood.Thedeathofonespeciescausedaterriblefamine(饥荒).可知疾病迅速蔓延,给爱尔兰的人们带去了饥荒,故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息;主旨题需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出中心思想。
2.阅读理解
Everyonegetssad.Beingsadcanhappenprettyoften.Morethanhalfofteenagersgothroughaperiodofsadnessatleastonceamonth.Whenyou'resad,itfeelslikeitwilllastforever.Theworldseemsdarkandunfriendly.Youmightfeellikeyouhavenothingtolookforwardto.Manytimes,youcry,andit'shardtostop.However,yourfeelingofsadnessusuallydoesn'tlastverylong—afewhours,ormaybeadayortwo.
Whensadnessstartstogoaway,itfeelslikeabigstoneisbeingliftedfromyourbody.Ifsadfeelingsgoonfortoolong,it'scalleddepression.Childrenwhohavedepressionmaynotknowit.Often,it'saparentorteacherwhonoticeschildren'schanges.
Whendepressionhappens,it'sveryimportantforchildrentoreceivetreatment.Whentheydo,theycangetbetterquickly.Sometimestreatmentincludestalkingtosomeonewhoknowsallaboutdepression.Sometimesitmeanstakingmedicine.Sometimesbothofthesethingsareused.Ifyouthinkyouhavedepression,oryoujusthavesadnessthatsimplywillnotgoaway,itisimportanttotalktoanadultaboutitfirst.Thispersoncanhelpyoufindtherightkindoftreatment.Manycitiesalsohavementalhealthhotlinesthatarelistedinthephonebook.Thereisalwayssomebodywhocanhelp.
(1)WhichquestionisansweredinParagraph1?
A. Whatmakeskidssad?
B. Whenissadnessaproblem?
C. Whatdoessadnessfeellike?
D. Whyissadnessgoodsometimes?
(2)Ifwehavedepression,whoprobablyfirstnoticesthatwehavebeendifferent?
A. Weourselves.
B. Ourparentorteacher.
C. Ourclassmate.
D. Ourfriendorneighbor.
(3)Childrenwhohavedepressionareadvisedto first.
A. talktoanadult B. gotohospital C. takemedicine D. calltheirfriends
(4)Onwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthistext?
A. Culture.
B. Travel.
C. Health.
D. Education.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了青少年的情绪,抑郁发生时要接受治疗。
(1)主旨题。
根据Theworldseemsdarkandunfriendly世界似乎黑暗而不友好,可知第一段介绍了悲伤是什么感觉,故选C。
(2)细节题。
根据Often,it'saparentorteacherwhonoticeschildren'schanges可知,如果我们有抑郁症我们的父母或老师会首先注意到我们已经不同了,故选B。
(3)细节题。
根据itisimportanttotalktoanadultaboutitfirst可知,患有抑郁症的儿童被建议首先和成年人谈谈,故选A。
(4)推理题。
根据本文介绍了青少年的情绪,抑郁发生时要接受治疗,可知是心理治疗问题, 故我们能在报纸的健康部分找到这篇文章,故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题,和主旨,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息,主旨题需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出中心思想。
3.阅读理解
Doyouwanttoimproveyourphysicsandchemistrygrades?
Well,maybeyoushouldfirstlearnsomethingaboutthestruggles(奋斗)ofgreatscientists.
TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationdidaninterestingstudy.Morethan400studentsfromschoolsinNewYorkCitytookpartinit.Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups.Group1readatypicaltextbookthatdescribestheachievementsofgreatscientists.Group2readaboutthosescientists'personalstruggles.Forexample,asaJew,Einstein(爱因斯坦)ranawayfromNaziGermanytoavoidpersecution(迫害).Thelastgroupreadaboutthescientists'intellectualstruggles,suchasMarieCurie'sfailedscientifictests.Thesestoriesaboutstrugglesalsotoldstudentshowthescientistsdealtwiththeseobstacles(障碍).
Thestudentstookascienceexambeforethestudy.Afterthesix—weekstudy,theytookanother.ScientistsfoundthoseinGroups2and3improvedtheirsciencegrades.StudentsinGroup1didn'tseeagradeincrease.Someofthemevenhadlowergradesafterthestudy.
ThestudywasledbyXiaodongLin—Siegler,ateacheratColumbiaUniversity.AccordingtoXiaodong,kidsoftenthinkEinsteinwastrulyintelligent.Theybelievetheywillnevermatchhim.
Manyofthemfailtorealizethatanysuccessrequiresalongjourney.Alongtheway,therearemanyfailures(失败).
Studentswhoreadthestrugglestoriesmoreprobablysaidthatgreatscientistswerelikethemselves.The"greatminds"alsohadtoovercomeobstaclestoachievesuccess.
Xiaodongsaystoday'ssciencetextbooksfailtobringsciencetolife.Asaresult,studentsseldomregardscienceaspartoftheireverydaylives.Instead,theyjustseealonglistoffactsthattheyhavetoremember.Xiaodongthinkstextbooksshouldincludemorestoriesabouthowgreatscientistshadtostruggletosucceed.Andstudentsshouldfocusmoreonhowthesescientistsdealtwiththeobstaclestheymetalongtheway.
(1)Accordingtothearticle,studentscanimprovetheirphysicsandchemistrygradesby_______.
A. readingtheachievementsofgreatscientistsmorecarefully
B. listeningmorecarefullytotheirphysicsandchemistryteachers
C. learningabouthowgreatscientistsdealtwiththeirobstacles
(2)Allofthestudentswhotookpartinthestudy_________.
A. wereinterestedinphysicsandchemistry
B. wenttoschoolinNewYorkCity
C. wantedtoimprovetheirphysicsandchemistrygrades
(3)AndyHuntwasoneofthestudentswhotookpartinthestudy.Accordingtohisreportcard,hewasprobablyamemberof_________.
AndyHunt
Class2,Grade9
Physics
2018.4—9 86
2018—5—22 79
A. Group1 B. Group2 C. Group3
(4)InParagraphFour,theword"match"means"___________"inChinese.
A. 满足
B. 比得上
C. 配对
(5)XiaodongLin—Sieglerthinkssciencetextbooksshould___________.
A. tellstudentsdirectlythatEinsteinwasbornacommonman
B. makethelonglistsoffacts山atstudentshavetoremember