虚拟语气教案文档格式.docx
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A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined
答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shal
l,will.
(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.
(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而
直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
2.非真实条件句
1)时态:
可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。
它的基本特点是时态退
后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
一般过去时should/would/could/might+动词原形
Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
过去完成时should/would/could/mighthave+过去分词
Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecare
ful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhaveprev
entedmefromgoing.
Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimabo
utit.
含义:
Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimabout
it.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhav
emadegreaterprogress.
Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmak
egreaterprogress.
c.表示对将来的假想
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一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形should/would/could
/might+动词原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.
Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
3.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟
语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodono
w.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。
)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldto
day(现在).
4.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省
略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.
=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim
=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'
be'
的过去时态一律用"
were"
,不用was,
即在从句中be用were代替。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.
如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.
A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通
常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。
但要注
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意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩
略形式。
如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'
tItodo.
5特殊的虚拟语气词:
should
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语
从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。
(1)suggested
Itis
(2)importantthat…+(should)do
(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,reques
ted,insisted;
+(should)do
(2)important,necessary,natural,strange
apity,ashame,nowonder
例:
Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextwee
k.
Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorro
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,c
ommand,insist+(should)do
Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.
如suggest,insist不表示"
建议"
或"
坚持要某人做某事时"
,
即它们用于其本意"
暗示、表明"
、"
坚持认为"
时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.
判断改错:
(错)Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.
(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.
(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.
(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面
的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
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Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheco
nference.
Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
6.wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太
可能实现的愿望。
其宾语从句的动词形式为:
真实状况wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作过去时过去完成时
(be的过去式为were)
从句动作与主句动作同时发生现在时过去时
(had+过去分词)
将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+
动词原形
IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。
2)Wishtodo表达法。
Wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwanttheman
agertobeinformedatonce.)
7.比较ifonly与onlyif
onlyif表示"
只有"
;
ifonly则表示"
如果……就好了"
。
Ifonly也
可用于陈述语气。
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会
醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了,就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。
8.Itis(high)timethat
Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用shou
ld加动词原形,但should不可省略。
Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.
Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
9need"
不必做"
和"
本不该做"
didn'
tneedtodo表示:
过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。
.
needn'
thavedone表示:
过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。
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JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshed
idn'
tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步
行回家了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshen
eedn'
thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必
步行回家了。
(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。
Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustn'
thavehurriedB.couldn'
thavehurriedC.mustn
othurryD.needn'
thavehurried
答案D。
thavedone.意为"
本不必"
,即已经做了某事,而时
实际上不必要。
Mustn'
thavedone用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断
应为couldn'
thavedone,"
不可能已经"
mustnotdo不可以(用于
一般现在时)。
StepⅢ.Exercise
Letthestudentsfinishthepaper.
StepⅣ.Assignments
1)Reviewthewordslearned.
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Unit2
1)Thestudentswillmastertheusefulsentencestructures,expressionsand
otherlanguagepointsinTextA.
2)Thestudentsmaymastertheactivewordsandfinishtheexercises
3)Thestudentswillbeabletomasterthegrammartipsandknowhowto
writinganoteofapology
1)Howtowritinganoteofapology.
2)Theadverbialclauseoftime
StepⅠ.Review
AsksomestudentstoreadthewordsofTextAofUnit2asarevisionofwords
study.Explainsomedifficultpointsifnecessary.
StepⅡ.IntensiveReading
I.Leadthestudentstolistentothepassagesoastoreviewthebasicideaof
II.Explainsomeimportantlanguagepoints.
1.ThemomentIsteppedintothecab,Irealizeditwasdifferent:
Assoon
asIgotintothecab,Ifoundthatitwasdifferentfromanyothercab.
themoment(that)sb.doessth.:
assoonassb.doessth.
e.g.
(1)Iwilltellhimthemomenthecomesin.他一进来我就会告诉他。
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(2)Hesaidhewouldphoneyouthemomenthegothome.他说他一到
家就给你打电话。
2.IgottheideayearsagowhenIhadajobasaclean-upmanforthetaxi
company:
AfewyearsagoIworkedforthetaxicompanyasaclean-upman.Ihiton
theideaatthattime.
as:
prep.作为,以……身份
e.g.Icomehereasajournalist.我是以记者身份到这里来的。
3.Eachcarthatcameinattheendofthedaywaslikeagarbagepit:
When
thedaywasover,thecarscameback.Eachofthemwasverydirtylikea
rubbishpit.
thatcameinattheendoftheday:
anattributiveclauseintroducedby
"
that"
4.Ithoughtthatifthecompanyandthedriverswouldgivepeopleacar
worthkeepingclean,theymightbemoreconsiderate:
Ithoughtthatifthe
companyandthedriverswouldgivepeopleacleanandtidycar,peoplewould
trynottomakeitdirtyormessy.
worthkeepingclean:
anattributivephrasemodifying"
acar"
e.g.Itmaybeworthputtinganadvertisementinthelocalpaper.
在当地才艮纸上刊登一则广告可能是值得的。
5.AssoonasIgotmytaxilicense,Itriedoutmyideas:
OnceIhadmytaxi
license,Iputmyideasintopracticeandtestediftheywereeffective.
assoonas:
immediatelyaftersth.hashappened
e.g.IcameassoonasIheardthenews.我一听到消息就赶来了。
tryout:
toteststh.suchasamethodorapieceofequipmenttoseeifitis
effectiveor
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worksproperly
e.g.Jimcouldhardlywaittotryouthisnewbike.吉姆迫切想试试他的新
自行车。
6.Wheneachpassengergotout,Icheckedtomakesurethateverything
wasinorderforthenextfare:
Everytimeapassengerleftthecab,Iwould
checktomakesurethateverythinginsidethecabwaswellarrangedforthe
nextdrive.
makesure(that):
findoutthatsth.istrueorthatsth.hasbeendone
e.g.Marymadesurethatshepassedtheexamination.玛丽确定她通过了考
试。
7.Afteraboutamonthofmybringinginaspotlesscab,thebossreserved
thesamecarformeeachday:
IkeptthecabIdrovespotlessandclean.This
lastedaboutamonth.Thenthebosskeptthesamecarformetodriveeachday.
mybringinginaspotlesscab:
动名词复合结构,形容词性物主代词加动
名词短语构成。
又如:
Doyoumindmysmokinghere?
你介意我在此
抽烟吗?
8.ThatwaswhenIputupthereproductionsofgreatpaintings:
Atthattime
Iputthereproductionsofgreatpaintingsinthecab.
whenI...paintings:
apredicativeclause
9.LikewhatIsay,peopleappreciatebeautifulthings:
AsIhavealreadysaid,
peoplelikebeautifulthings.
Like"
isaprepositionhere."
LikewhatIsay"
isusedwhenyouare
repeatingsth.Youhavealreadysaid.
e.g.LikewhatIsaid,Idon'
tmindit.我说过我不介意的。
StepⅢ.FocusonGrammar
时间状语从句(TheAdverbialClauseofTime)
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在英语中,时间状语从句表示时间.可以分成三类:
第一,由连词引导的;
第二,
由一些表示的时间的短语引导的;
第三,由一些关联连词引导的.
一由连词引导的从句
这些连词是as,after,before,once,since,till,while,aslongas等
e.g.ItwillwarmupalittlebitonSundayasthecoldfrontpasses.
e.g.AssoonasIcomeback,Iwillcallyou.
二由一些表示的时间的短语引导的从句
这些短语是theinstant,themoment,theminute,theday,everytime,each
time,nexttime
e.g.Themomenthesawherhefellinlove.
e.g.Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.
三由一些关联连词引导的从句
这些关联词是hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than
e.g.Scarcelyhadhegonewhensheappeared.
e.g.IhadhardlyclosedmyeyeswhenIheardashot.