英语六级真题卷第三套含答案Word文档格式.docx
《英语六级真题卷第三套含答案Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语六级真题卷第三套含答案Word文档格式.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![英语六级真题卷第三套含答案Word文档格式.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-11/30/71674dce-0c30-49ff-ba3b-ad5ddf187565/71674dce-0c30-49ff-ba3b-ad5ddf1875651.gif)
preferenceswerealready_____(39)towardtouch-screensmartphone.WiththeintroductionofApple'
siPhoneinthemiddleofthatyear,Nokia'
smarketshare_____(40)rapidlyandrevenueplunged.Bytheendof2013,NokiahadsolditsphonebusinesstoMicrosoft.
WhatsealedNokia'
sfatewasaseriesofdecisionsmadebyStephenElopinhispositionasCEO,whichhe_____(41)inOctober2010.EachdaythatElopspentinchargeofNokia,thecompany'
smarketvaluedeclinedby$23million,makinghim,bythenumbers,oneoftheworstCEOsinhistory.
ButElopwasnottheonlypersonat_____(42).Nokia'
sboardresistedchange,makingitimpossibleforthecompanytoadapttorapidshiftsintheindustry.Most_____(43),JormaOllila,whohadledNokia'
stransitionfromanindustrialcompanytoatechnologygiant,wastoofascinatedbythecompany'
s_____(44)successtorecognizethechangethatwasneededtosustainitscompetitiveness.
Thecompanyalsoembarkedona_____(45)cost-cuttingprogram,whichincludedtheeliminationofthousandsofjobs.Thiscontributedtothe_____(46)ofthecompany'
sonce-spiritedculture,whichhadmotivatedemployeestotakerisksandmakemiracles.Goodleadersleftthecompany,takingNokia'
ssenseofvisionanddirectionwiththem.Notsurprisingly,muchofNokia'
smostvaluabledesignandprogrammingtalentleftaswell.
A.assumedB.biasC.desperateD.deterioration
E.exception F.faultG.incidentally H.notably
I.previousJ.relayed K.shiftingL.shrank
M.subtleN.transmittingO.worldwide
SectionB
First-GenerationCollege-Goers:
UnpreparedandBehind
Kidswhoarethefirstintheirfamiliestobravetheworldofhighereducationcomeoncampuswithlittleacademicknow-howandaremuchmorelikelythantheirpeerstodropoutbeforegraduation.
A)WhenNijayWilliamsenteredcollegelastfallasafires-generationstudentandJamaicanimmigrant,hewasacademicallyunpreparedfortherigorsofhighereducation.Likemanyfirst-generationstudent,heenrolledinamedium-sizedstateuniversitymanyofhishighschoolpeerswerealsoattending,receivedaPellGrant,andboardandtheclosenessoftheschooltohisfamily,hechosetoliveathomeandwordedbetween30and40hoursaweekwhiletakingafullclassschedule.
B)WhatNijaydidn'
trealizeabouthisschool—TennesseeStateUniversity—wasitsfrighteninglylowgraduationrate:
amere29percentforitsfirst-generationstudents.Attheendofhisfirstyear,NijaylosthisPellGrantofover$5,000afternarrowlymissingthe2.0GPAcut-off,makingitimpossibleforhimtocontinuepayingforschool.
C)NijayrepresentsalargeandgrowinggroupofAmericans:
first-generationcollegestudentswhoenterschoolunpreparedorbehind.Tomakemattersworse,theseschoolsareill-equippedtograduatethesestudents—youngadultswhofacespecificchallengesandobstacles.Theytypicallycarryfinancialburdensthatoutweighthoseoftheirpeers,aremorelikelytoworkwhileattendingschool,andoftenrequiresignificantacademicremediation(补习).
D)MattRubinoffdirectsI'
mFirst,anonprofitorganizationlaunchedlastOctobertoreachouttothisspecificpopulationofstudents.Hehopestodistributethisinformationandhelpprospectivecollege-goersfindthebestpost-secondaryfit.AndwhileRubinoffbelievesthereareagoodnumberoffour-yearschoolsthattrulycareaboutthesestudentsandsetasidesignificantresourcesandprogramsforthem,hesaysthatnumberisn'
thighenough.
E)"
It'
snotonlytheselectiveandeliteinstitutionsthatprovidethoseopportunitiesforasmallsubsetofthispopulation,"
Rubinoffsaid,addingthatamajorityoffirst-generationundergraduatestendtowardoptionssuchasonlineprograms,two-yearcolleges,andcommuterstandschools."
Unfortunately,theretendstobealackofinformationandsupporttohelpstudentsthinkbiggerandbroader."
F)Despitethisproblem,manystudentsarestilldrawntotheseinstitutions—andtwo-yearschoolsinparticular.Asaformerhighschoolteacher,Isawstudentschoosefamiliar,cheaperoptionsyearafteryear.Insteadofskippingoutonhighereducationaltogether,theychosecommunitycollegesorstateschoolswithlowbarsforadmittance.
G)"
Theyunderestimatethemselveswhenselectingauniversity,"
saidDaveJarrat,amarketingexecutiveforInsideTrack,afor-profitorganizationthatspecializesincoachinglow-incomestudentsandsupportingcollegesinordertohelpstudentsthrive."
Therealityofitisthatalotoflow-incomekidscouldbegoingtoeliteuniversitiesonafullridescholarshipanddon'
tevenrealizeit."
H)"
Manystudentsarecomingfromasituationwherenoonearoundthemhastheexperienceofsuccessfullycompletinghighereducation,sotheyarecominginquestioningthemselvesandtheircollegeworthiness,"
Jarratcontinued.Thathelpsexplainwhy,asI'
mFirst'
sRubinoffindicated,theschoolstowhichthesestudentsendupresortingcanendupbeingsomeofthepoorestmatchesforthem.TheUniversityofTennesseeandTennesseeStateareworthcomparing.TennesseeState'
soverallgraduationrateisatiny39percent,butatleastithasasmallergapbetweentheoutcomesforfirst-generationstudentsandthoseoftheirpeers.
I)Still,theUniversityofTennesseedeservescreditforbeingtransparent.Manylargeinstitutionskeepthiskindofdatasecret—oratleastmakeitincrediblydifficulttofind.TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,forinstance,admitsonlythatthegraduationrateforitsfirst-generationpupilsis"
muchlower"
thanthepercentageofallstudentswhograduatewithinfouryears(81percent).
J)Itisactuallyquitedifficulttofindreliablestatistiesontheissueformanyschools.Highereducationinstitutionsare,underfederallaw,requiredtoreportgraduationrates,butthesereportstypicallyonlyincludePellrecipientnumbers—notnecessarilyratesspecifictofirst-generationstudents.Otherinitiativesfailtobreakdownthedata,too.Imaginehowintimidatingitcanbeforprospectivestudentsunfamiliarwiththecomplexitiesofhighereducationtonavigatethiskindofinformationandthenidentifywhichschoolsarethebestfit.
K)ItwasthislackofinformationthatpromptedthelaunchofI'
mFirstin2013,originallyasanarmofitsumbrellaorganization,theCenterForStudentOpportunity."
Ifwecanhelptodirectstudentstomoreofthesetypesofcampusesandhelpstudentstounderstandthemtoberealisticandaccessibleplaces,havethemapplytotheseschoolsatgreaterfrequencyandultimatelygetinandenroll,wearegoingtoraisethesuccessrate,"
Rubinoffsaid,citingavarietyofcollegesrangingfromlargestateinstitutionstosmallerprivateschools.
L)ChelseaJones,whonowdirectsstudentprogrammingatI'
mFirst,wasafirst-generationcollegestudentatHoward.Likeotherstudentnewtotheintimidatinghigher-educationworld,sheoftenstruggledonherpathtocollege."
Therewasn'
treallyacollege-boundcultureatmyhighschool,"
shesaid."
IwanttogotocollegebutIdidn'
treallyknowtheprocess."
Jonesbecameinvolvedwithacollege-accessprogramthroughPrincetonUniversityinhighschool.Nowsheattributesmuchofherunderstandingofcollegetothat:
"
ButonceIgottocampus,itwasacompletelydifferentballgamethatnoonereallypreparedmefor."
M)Shewasfortunate,though.Howard,awell-regardedhistoricallyblackcollege,hadanarrayofresourcesforitsfirst-generationstudents,includingmatchingkidswithcounselors,connectingfirst-generationstudentstooneanother,andTRIO,anationalprogramthatsupported200studentsonHoward'
scampus.Still,Jonesrepresentsasmallpercentageoffirst-generationstudentswhoareabletogainentryintomoreeliteuniversities,whichareoftenknownforrobustfinancialaidpackagesandremarkablyhighgraduationratesforfirst-generationstudents.(Harvard,forexample,boastsasix-yeargraduationrateforunderrepresentedminoritygroupsof98percent.)
N)ChristianVazquez,afirst-generationTalegraduate,isanotherexception,hissuccessstorysettinghimfarapartfromstudentssuchasNijay."
ThereisalotofsupportatYale,toanextent,afterawhile,thereistoomuchsupport."
hesaid,half-jokingaboutthecountlessresourcesavailableattheschool.Studentsareplacedinsmallgroupswithcounselors(trainedseniorsoncampus);
theyhaveaccesstoculturalandethnicaffinity(联系)groups,tutoringcentersandalsohaveasummerorientationspecificallyforfirst-generationstudents(thelatterbeingoneofthemostcommonprogramsforstudents).
O)"
Oursupportstructurewasmorelike:
'
YouaregoingtogetthroughYale;
youaregoingtodowell.'
hesaid,hintingatmentors(导师),staff,andprofessorswhoallprovidedsignificantsupportforstudentswholackedconfidenceabout"
belonging"
atsuchatopinstitution.
46.Manyfirst-generationcollege-goershavedoubtsabouttheirabilitiestogetacollegedegree.
47.First-generationcollegestudentstendtohavemuchheavierfinancialbur