高中英语构词法大全含单词示例高中生高效背单词必看Word文档下载推荐.docx
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●Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetween
right
and
wrong.
他不辨是非。
●The
old
inourvillagearelivingahappylife.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5.形容词转化为副词
●How
long
haveyoulivedthere?
你在那儿住多久了？
6.个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
●Warmclothesarea
must
inthemountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
●Lifeisfullof
ups
downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
●Hisargumentcontainstoomany
ifs
buts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
2
合成法
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。
合成词一般看其词，知其意。
1.合成名词
●名词/代词+名词
newspaper
blood-test
she-wolf
●动词+名词
typewriter
pickpocket
daybreak
●形容词+名词
greenhouse
highway
●副词+名词
overcoat
outside
●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing+名词
handwriting
reading-room
freezing-point
●动词+副词/副词+动词
breakthrough
get-together
outbreak
outcome
●名词+介词+名词
sister-in-law
editor-in-chief
2.合成形容词
●名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famous
duty-free
large-scale
long-term
●副词+形容词
over-anxious
evergreen
●名词+过去分词
man-made
sun-burnt
●名词+现在分词
peace-loving
English-speaking
●形容词+现在分词
good-looking
easy-going
●副词+过去分词
well-informed
widespread
●副词+现在分词
hardworking
far-reaching
●形容词+名词+ed
warm-hearted
absent-minded
●数词+名词+ed
three-legged
ten-storied
●数词+名词
one-way
five–star
●数词+名词+形容词
ten-year-old
800-meter-long
●名词+to+名词
face–to-face
door-to-door
3.合成动词
●名词+动词
baby-sit
sleepwalk
●副词+动词
outnumber
underestimate
overwork
●形容词+动词
whitewash
4.合成副词
●形容词＋名词
meanwhile
anyway
●形容词＋副词
everywhere
anyhow
●副词＋副词
however
●介词＋名词
beforehand
overhead
●介词＋副词
forever
5.合成代词
●代词宾格＋self/selves
herself
themselves
●物主代词＋self/selves
myself
yourselves
anything
nothing
6.合成介词
●副词＋名词
inside
without
within
●副词＋介词
into
3
派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1.前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀
●un-
unhappy
unfinished
undress
●dis-
disagree
disbelieve
●in-[il-（在字母l前），im-（在字母m,b,p前），ir-（在字母r前）]
inaccurate
illegal
impolite
imbalance
irregular
●mis-
misbehave
mislead
mistake
●non-
nonstop
nonsmoker
（2）表示其他意义的前缀
●en-
“使……”enrich
enlarge
encourage
●inter-
“相互”international
intercontinental
●re-
“再，又，重”rethink
retell
recycle
●tele-
“远程的”telescope
telephone
telegraph
●auto-
“自动的”automatic
automobile
●co-
“共同”coworker
cooperatecoexist
●anti-
“反对，抵抗”antiwar
antifreeze
antinuclear
●multi-
“多”multistorymulticultural
multicolor
●bi-
“双，二”bicyclebilingual
bilateral
●micro-
“极小的，微小的”microwave
microcomputer
●over-
“太多，过分”overwork
overdo
overestimate
●self-
“自己，本身”self-centeredself-confident
self-control
●under-
“在……下面，……下的，不足的”underline,underground,
underestimate,underrate
2.后缀
（1）形容词后缀
●-able
“可……的，具有……的”acceptable
drinkable
knowledgeable
reasonable
●-al
“与……有关的”physical,magical,political
●-an
“属于某地方的人”American
African
●-ern
“方向”southern,northern,eastern
●-ful/less
“（没）有……的”helpful,useful,
homeless,hopeless
●-ish
“如……的；
有……特征的”foolish
childish
selfish
●-ive
“有……倾向的”active
attractive
expensive
●-en
“由……制成的”golden
wooden
woolen
●-ous
“有（性质）的”famous,dangerous,poisonous
●-ly
“有……性质的”friendly
yearly
daily
●-y
“构成形容词”noisy
dusty
cloudy
（2）名词后缀
●-er/or
“表人或用具”
farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container
●-ese
“某国（人）的”Chinese,Japanese
●-ian
“某国、某地人；
精通……的人”musician,Asian,Russian,technician
●-ist
“某种主义或职业者”physicist,scientist,communist，socialist
●-ess
“表女性，雌性”hostess,actress,princess
●-ment
“行为或其状态”government,movement,achievement
●-ness
“性质，状态”illness,sadness,carelessness
●-tion
“动作，过程，结果”invention,organization,translation
●-ance/ence
“抽象；
行为、性质、状态”importance,appearance,absence,existence
●-th
“性质、情况”
depth,warmth,truth
●-ful
“（满的）量”handful,spoonful,mouthful
●-（a）bility
“抽象、性质、状态”possibility,disability,reliability
“过程、状态”survival,arrival,approval
“性质、情况”modesty,delivery,honesty
●-dom
“处于……状态；
性质”freedom,boredom
●-age
“状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage,storage,marriage
（3）动词后缀
●-fy/ify
“使得；
变得”
simplify,beautify,purify
“使成为；
shorten,deepen,sadden
●-ize
“使成为”
apologize,realize,specialize
（4）副词后缀
“方式，程度”
freely,truly,angrily
●-ward（s）
“向……”
towards,forward,upwards
（5）数词后缀
●-teen
“十几”
fourteen,eighteen,thirteen
●-ty
“整十位数”
forty,fifty,sixty
“序数词”
twelfth,twentieth
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