初三英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题.doc
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浅谈初中英语虚拟语气的用法
一.语气的概念
英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化,而且还有语气的变化。
语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法现象。
从形式上看,语气是动词的一种变化形式。
从意义上讲,语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。
根据说话人 的意图,语气可分3种:
⑴直陈语气(又叫陈述语气)—— 用来陈述事实(或提问题)等。
可以用于陈述句,也可以用于疑问句或感叹句。
⑵祈使语气——用来提出请求或命令等。
主要用于祈使句。
⑶虚拟语气——见下面。
语气和时态是截然不同的概念,但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。
二.虚拟语气
㈠概念 通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实,而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。
可以用于陈述句,也可以用于疑问句等。
㈡动词形式 虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词(相应)的过去时(相对直陈语气而言)。
动词be若用过去式时可以一律用were。
㈢应用
⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。
表示纯粹的假设,或可能性很小的情
况。
主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下:
从句
主句
对现在或将来的情况假设时
过去式
would + 动词原形
对过去的情况假设时
had + done(过去完成时)
would + have + done
例:
1)If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie.
2)What would you do if you had a million dollars ?
3)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
4)If he hadn’t been strict with himself, he wouldn’t have made such progress.
⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。
表示纯粹的主观愿望,不可能实现的,或实现的可能性极小的情况。
宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时,过去将来时或过去完成时等。
例如:
1)I wish that I could help him now.
我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊!
或我多么希望现在能帮上他!
(言下之意:
我现在帮不上他,没能力帮助他)
2)I wish I could come here tomorrow.
明天我要是能来这儿就好了!
(言下之意:
我明天根本不可能来这儿,或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小)
3)We wish he hadn’t gone. 他要是没有走该多好啊!
⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中,表是纯粹的建议。
句型为:
suggest(ed) that … (should) + 动词原形… (should可省略)
1)He suggests that we (should) visit the museum.
2)We suggested that he _____ here every day.
A. come B. comes C. came D. can come E. could come
虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
1.省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou. (=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)
(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)
例句:
Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thavebeensosuccessfully.[过去]
(=>可转换为:
Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,we…)
Yournotesarealmostillegible(难以辨认的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[将来]
(=>可转换为:
Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)
IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease.[过去]
(=>可转换为:
IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)
3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
suggest,advise,recommend,demand,
require,insist,urge,request,order, +that…(should)+动词原形
devide,ask,move,propose等
注意:
在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。
Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时,that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
Heinsiststhatheisright.
2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
imperative,advisable, 动词完成式
Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+that…(should)+
essential,strange,等动词原形
Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.
Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.
3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语+ 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反
IwishIwereapopsinger. (=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)
IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching. (=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)
Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.
注意:
wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:
hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
试比较:
(1)Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)
(2)Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)
4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如:
Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.
Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.
5、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如:
It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.
It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.
虚拟语气专项练习题
(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.
A.be B.was C.were D.am
(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,they____speakwithFrenchaccents.
A.don't B.willnot C.mustn't D.wouldn't
(3) _____today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?
A.Wereweleaving B.Ifweleave
C.Wouldweleave D.Werewetoleave
(4).IfJone____tomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?
A.werenottocome B.willnotcome C.wouldnotcome D.hadnotcome
(5).“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher?
”
“Youmeantosay_____,youwould'vehelpedher?
”
A.ifsheaskedyou B.ifsheweretoaskyou
C.hadsheaskedyou C.wereshetoaskyou
(6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem_____.
A.mighthavedied B.mightdie C.woulddieD.coulddie
(7).Iftheyhadknownhim, _____tohim?
A.wouldtheyhavetalked B.wouldtheytalk
C.hadtheytalked D.theywouldtalk
(8).IfIlivedinthec