考研英语.docx

考研英语.docx

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考研英语

Section ⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.  1 ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones  2  onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.  3  yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou  4  can’tfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate  5  tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland...

Whenyoufindyourselfwell  6  atrail,butnotinacompletely  7  area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:

Which  8  isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.  9  ,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould  10  seesignsofpeople.

Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights—youmaybe  11  howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another  12  :

Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.  13 ,evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto   14  gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve 15  thewoods.Headtowardthese  16  tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor  17  lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

 18 ,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe  19  weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan  20  youtocivilization.

1. [A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All

2. [A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come

3. [A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]Until

4. [A]formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

5. [A]back  [B]next[C]around[D]away

6. [A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone

7. [A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

8. [A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place

9. [A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

10. [A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

11. [A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12. [A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result

13. [A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample

14. [A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

15. [A]from[B]through[C]beyond[D]under

16. [A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks

17. [A]artificial     [B]mysterious              [C]hidden      [D]limited

18. [A]Finally       [B]Consequently   [C]incidentally[D]Generally

19. [A]memories   [B]marks              [C]notes        [D]belongings    

20. [A]restrict       [B]adopt               [C]lead          [D]expose

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulationsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobuallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoenc