Unit3Lying全新版大学英语综合教程五课文翻译Word文档格式.docx
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relookingmuchbetter,"
it'
ssonicetoseeyou,"
Ihadawonderfultime"
?
4.Willyoupraisehideouspresentsandhomelykids?
5.Willyoudeclineinvitationswith"
We'
rebusythatnight—sosorrywecan'
tcome,"
whenthetruthisyou'
dratherstayhomethandinewiththeSo-and-sos?
6.Andeventhough,asIdo,youmaypreferthepoliteevasionof"
Youreallycookedupastorm"
insteadof"
Thesoup"
—whichtasteslikewarmed-overcoffee—"
iswonderful,"
willyou,ifyoumust,proclaimitwonderful?
7.There'
sonemanIknowwhoabsolutelyrefusestotellsociallies."
Ican'
tplaythatgame,"
hesays;
I'
msimplynotmadethatway."
Andhisanswertotheargumentthatsayingnicethingstosomeonedoesn'
tcostanythingis,"
Yes,itdoes—itdestroysyourcredibility."
Now,hewon'
t,unsolicited,offerhisviewsonthepaintingyoujustbought,butyoudon'
taskhisfrankopinionunlessyouwantfrank,andhissilenceatthosemomentswhentherestofusliarsaremuttering,"
Isn'
titlovely?
"
is,forthemostpart,eloquentenough.Myfrienddoesnotindulgeinwhathecalls"
flattery,falsepraiseandmellifluouscomments."
Whenotherstellfibshewillnotgoalong.Hesaysthatsociallyingislying,thatlittlewhiteliesarestilllies.Andhefeelsthattellingliesismorallywrong.Whataboutyou?
Peace-KeepingLies
8.Manypeopletellpeace-keepinglies:
liesdesignedtoavoidirritationorargument,liesdesignedtosheltertheliarfrompossibleblameorpain;
lies(orsoitisrationalized)designedtokeeptroubleatbaywithouthurtinganyone.
9.Itelltheseliesattimes,andyetIalwaysfeelthey'
rewrong.Iunderstandwhywetellthem,butstilltheyfeelwrong.AndwheneverIliesothatsomeonewon'
tdisapproveofmeorthinklessofmeorholleratme,IfeelI'
mabitofacoward,IfeelI'
mdodgingresponsibility,Ifeel...guilty.Whataboutyou?
10.Doyou,whenyou'
relateforadatebecauseyouoverslept,saythatyou'
relatebecauseyougotcaughtinatrafficjam?
11.Doyou,whenyouforgettocallafriend,saythatyoucalledseveraltimesbutthelinewasbusy?
12.Doyou,whenyoudidn'
trememberthatitwasyourfather'
sbirthday,saythathispresentmustbedelayedinthemail?
13.Andwhenyou'
replanningaweekendinNewYorkCityandyou'
renotinthemoodtovisityourmother,wholivesthere,doyouconceal—withalie,ifyoumust—thefactthatyou'
llbeinNewYork?
Ordoyouhavethecourage—orisitthecruelty?
—tosay,"
llbeinNewYork,butsorry—Idon'
tplanonseeingyou"
14.(DaveandhiswifeElainehavetwoquitedifferentpointsofviewonthisverysubject.Hecallsheracoward.Shesaysshe'
sbeingwise.HesaysshemustassertherrighttovisitNewYorksometimesandnotseehermother.Towhichshealwayspatientlyreplies:
Whyshouldwehaveuselessfights?
Mymother'
stoooldtochange.WegetalongmuchbetterwhenIlietoher."
)
15.Finally,doyoukeepthepeacebytellingyourhusbandliesonthesubjectofmoney?
Doyoureducewhatyoureallypaidforyourshoes?
Andingeneraldoyoufindyourselfready,willingandabletolietohimwhenyoumakeabsurdmistakesorloseorbreakthings?
16."
Iusedtohavearomanticideathatpartofintimacywasconfessingeverydumbthingthatyoudidtoyourhusband.Butafteracoupleofyearsofthat,"
saysLaura,"
haveIchangedmymind!
17.Andhavingchangedhermind,shefindsherselftellingpeacekeepinglies.Andyes,Itellthemtoo.Whataboutyou?
ProtectiveLies
18.Protectiveliesareliesfolkstell—oftenquiteseriouslies—becausethey'
reconvincedthatthetruthwouldbetoodamaging.Theyliebecausetheyfeeltherearecertainhumanvaluesthatsupersedethewrongofhavinglied.Theylie,notforpersonal
gain,butbecausetheybelieveit'
sforthegoodofthepersonthey'
relyingto.Theylietothosetheylove,tothosewhotrustthemmostofall,onthegroundsthatbreakingthistrustisjustified.
19.Theymaylietotheirchildrenonmoneyormaritalmatters.
20.Theymaylietothedyingaboutthestateoftheirhealth.
21.Theymaylietotheirclosestfriendbecausethetruthabouthertalentsorsonorpsychewouldbe—orsotheyinsist—utterlydevastating.
22.Isometimestellsuchlies,butI'
mawarethatit'
squitepresumptuoustoclaimIknowwhat'
sbestforotherstoknow.That'
scalledplayingGod.That'
scalledmanipulationandcontrol.Andwenevercanbesure,oncewestarttojugglelies,justwherethey'
llland,exactlywherethey'
llroll.
23.Andfurthermore,wemayfindourselveslyinginordertobackuptheliesthatarebackingupthelieweinitiallytold.
24.Andfurthermore—let'
sbehonest—ifconditionswerereversed,wecertainlywouldn'
twantanyonelyingtous.
25.Yet,havingsaidallthat,Istillbelievethattherearetimeswhenprotectiveliesmustnonethelessbetold.Whataboutyou?
Trust-KeepingLies
26.Anothergroupofliesaretrust-keepinglies,liesthatinvolvetriangulation,withA(that'
syou)tellingliestoBonbehalfofC(whosetrustyou'
dpromisedtokeep).Mostpeopleconcedethatonceyou'
veagreednottobetrayafriend'
sconfidence,youcan'
tbetrayit,evenifyoumustlie.ButI'
vetalkedwithpeoplewhodon'
twantyoutellingthemanythingthattheymightbecalledontolieabout.
27."
Idon'
ttellliesformyself,"
saysFran,"
andIdon'
twanttohavetotellthemforotherpeople."
Whichmeans,sheagrees,thatifherbestfriendishavinganaffair,sheabsolutelydoesn'
twanttoknowaboutit.
28."
Areyousaying,"
herbestfriendasks,"
thatyou'
dbetrayme?
29.Franisverypainedbutveryadamant."
Iwouldn'
twanttobetrayyou,so…don'
ttellmeanythingaboutit."
30.Fran'
sbestfriendisshocked.Whataboutyou?
31.Doyoubelieveyoucanhaveclosefriendsifyou'
renotpreparedtoreceivetheirdeepestsecrets?
32.Doyoubelieveyoumustalwayslieforyourfriends?
33.Doyoubelieve,ifyourfriendtellsasecretthatturnsouttobequiteimmoralorillegal,thatonceyou'
vepromisedtokeepit,youmustkeepit?
34.Andwhatifyourfriendwereyourboss—ifyouwereperhapsoneofthePresident'
smen—wouldyoubetrayorlieforhimover,say,Watergate?
35.Asyoucansee,theseissuesgetterriblysticky.
36.It'
smybeliefthatoncewe'
vepromisedtokeepatrust,wemusttellliestokeepit.Ialsobelievethatwecan'
ttellWatergatelies.Andifthesetwostatementsstrikeyouasquitecontradictory,you'
reright—they'
requitecontradictory.Butfornowthey'
rethebestIcando.Whataboutyou?
37.Therearethosewhohavenotalentforlying.
38."
Overtheyears,Itriedtolie,"
afriendofmineexplained,"
butIalwaysgotfoundoutandIalwaysgotpunished.IguessIgavemyselfawaybecauseIfeelguiltyaboutanykindoflying.ItlooksasifI'
mstuckwithtellingthetruth."
39.Forthoseofus,however,whoaregoodattellinglies,forthoseofuswholieanddon'
tgetcaught,thequestionofwhetherornottoliecanbeahardandseriousmoralproblem.Ilikedtheremarkofafriendofminewhosaid,"
mwillingtolie.Butjustasalastresort—thetruth'
salwaysbetter."
40."
Because,"
heexplained,"
thoughothersmaycompletelyacceptthelieI'
mtelling,Idon'
t."
41.Itendtofeelthatwaytoo.
42.Whataboutyou?
关于扯谎的真相
朱迪斯·
维奥斯特
我一直想写一个令我深感爱好的话题:
关于扯谎的问题。
我感觉那个题目很难写。
所有我交谈过的人都对什么情形能够扯谎——什么情形绝对不能够扯谎——持有强烈的、常常不容他人分说的个人意见。
最后我得出结论,我不能下任何定论,因为如此做就会有太多的人当即反对。
我想我仍是提出假设干都与扯谎有关的道义上的难题吧。
我将向读者说明我对这些难题的个人观点。
你们感觉对吗?
社交性假话
和我交谈过的大多数人都说,他们以为旨在增进社会交际的假话是能够同意的,也是必要的。
他们以为这是一种文明的行为。
他们说,要不是这种无关紧要的假话,人与人之间的关系就会变得粗野不快,无法持久。
他们说,若是你要做到十二分正直、十二分无畏,不由自主地用你的老实使他人陷入没必要要的窘境或痛楚当中,这只能说你是傲慢自大。
对此,我大体赞同。
你呢?
你会可不能跟人说:
“我喜爱你的新发型,”“你气色好多了,”“见到你真快乐,”“
我玩得很尽兴,”而事实上全然不是这么回事儿?
你会可不能对令人憎厌的礼物,或相貌平平的小孩称赞有加?
你婉辞邀请时会可不能说“那天晚上咱们正好没空——真对不起,咱们不能来,”而事实上你是宁肯呆在家里也不想跟某某夫妇一路进餐?
尽管像我那样,你也想用“太丰盛了”这种委婉的托辞,而不是盛赞“那汤味道好极了”(其实味同从头热过的咖啡),但如果是你必需赞美那汤,你会说它鲜美吗?
我熟悉一个人,他完全拒绝说这种社交性假话。
“我可不能那一套,”他说,“我生来就可不能那一套。
”讲到对人家说几句好听的话并非失去什么,他的回答是:
“不对,固然有损失——那会损害你的诚信度。
”因此你不问他,他可不能对你刚买来的画发表意见,但除非你想听老实话,不然你也可不能去问他的真实方式。
当咱们这些扯谎者轻宣称赞着“多美啊”的时候,他的沉默往往是极能说明问题的。
我的这位朋友从来不讲他所说的“奉承话、虚假的赞美话和悦耳话”。
他人说些无伤大雅的假话,他那么不。
他说社交性假话仍是假话,无关紧要的小小假话仍是假话。
他以为扯谎不合道德。
息事宁人的假话
很多人为了息事宁人而扯谎:
那种意在幸免动气或争吵的假话,意在使扯谎者免受可能的责备或苦恼的假话;
意在(或据以为理应)不损害他人而又能帮忙幸免麻烦的假话。
我有时也说这种谎,只是我总感觉不该说。
我明白什么缘故要说这种谎,但说这种谎终究不对。
每当我为了不让他人讨厌自己、看轻自己、或冲着自己嚷嚷而扯谎时,我总感觉自己有点像个懦夫,感觉自己是在逃避责任,感觉……惭愧。
你由于睡过头赴约会迟到了,会可不能说是因为碰上堵车才晚到的?
你忘了给朋友打电话,会可不能谎称打过好几回,可电话老占线?
你忘了父亲的生日,会可不能说寄给他的礼物准是给耽搁了?
你打算去纽约市度周末,但又不想去看望住在那里的母亲,你会——必要的话用假话——隐瞒你将到纽约的事实,仍是会勇敢地——或说狠心地——说:
“我要来纽约,可是抱歉,我不打算来看望你”?
(戴夫和妻子伊莱恩正是在那个问