大学英语四级考试Word格式文档下载.docx

大学英语四级考试Word格式文档下载.docx

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Doyouneedacomputerinthenewsemester?

Stilldepressedfornotbeingabletoaffordanewcomputer?

Goodnewsforyou!

Mycomputermaybeanavailableoptionforyoutotakeintoconsideration.

Tobeginwith,it’sanApplelaptopwhichwasboughttwoyearsagoatthepriceof10,000RMB.Itisnowingoodconditionandfullyfunctional.Besides,mylaptopisportablesothatyoucantakeittoanywhereyouwant.Thestoragespaceisbigenoughforyoutodoanyassignments,includingeditinganddrawing.Finally,withthedual-coreprocessorandhigh-performancevideocard,itcanbeunimpededwhenyouplayonlinegamesandwatchvideos.

Soifyouareeagertohaveacomputerofyourown,pleasedonothesitatetocallmeat1234567.Iwillofferyoua50%discount!

【解析】“available”意思为“可获得的”；

“takeintoconsideration”意思为“考虑”；

“storagespace”意思为“存储空间”；

“dual-coreprocessor”意思为“双核处理器”；

“unimpeded”意思为“畅通无阻的”。

PartIIListeningComprehension

与第一套相同。

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops（啤酒花）,forexample,whichgivemanyamodembeeritsbitterflavor,area__26__recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfirstmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda__27__ingredientinresidue（残留物）from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhilediggingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompotsandvessels.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers__28__theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient“beer-makingtools”，andtheearliest__29__evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To__30__thattheory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried__31__insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley（大麦）andabout10%werebitsofroots__32__lily,whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:

thecropwasdomesticatedinWesternEurasiaanddidn’tbecomea__33__foodincentralChinauntilabout2,000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theyindicatebarleymayhave__34__intheregionnotasfood,butas__35__materialforbeerbrewing.

A）arrivedB）consumingC）directD）exclusivelyE）includingF）informG）rawH）reachedI）relativelyJ）remainsK）resourcesL）stapleM）surprisingN）suggestO）test

26.【答案】I

【解析】分析句子结构，由空格前的冠词a和空格后的形容recent可知，空格处应填入一个副词来修饰recent。

根据语义，可知relatively更为合适。

故本题选I。

27.【答案】M

【解析】由空格前的冠词a和空格后的名词ingredient可知，空格处应填入一个形容词来修饰ingredient。

根据句子意思可知，填入surprising最为合适。

故本题选M。

28.【答案】N

【解析】分析句子结构，空格处可能缺少一个谓语动词，以引导后面的宾语从句。

根据语意可知，填入suggest最为合适。

故本题选N。

29.【答案】C

【解析】空格处缺少一个形容词，与earliest一同修饰名词evidence。

再根据语意可知，填入direct更为合适。

故本题选C。

30.【答案】O

【解析】空格处应填入一个动词原形。

根据句意可知填入test最为合适。

故本题选0。

31.【答案】J

【解析】由空格前的形容词dried可知空格处应填入一个名词。

根据语意可知remains最为合适。

故本题选J。

32.【答案】E

【解析】由空格前的about10%werebitsofroots以及空格后的lily，再根据句意可知，此处填入介詞including最为适合。

故本题选E。

33.【答案】L

【解析】根据语义，这里应填入staple—词，staplefood表示“主食”的意思。

故本题应选L。

34.【答案】A

【解析】分析句子可知该从句为主谓结构，空格只可能和其前的mayhave组成谓语动词，根据语意可知填入arrived最为合适。

故本题选A。

35.【答案】G

【解析】空格处应填入一个形容词来修饰后面的material，根据语义可知填入raw最为合适，故本题选G。

SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Teamspirit

[A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganisations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor“teamplayers'

Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilisation,ofcourse:

evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,“GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”，basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon（开始）it;

andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams.

[B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:

anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy（等级体制）.

[C]Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility（灵活性）JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions（过渡），notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;

nowtheytakeoneortwo.”Digitaltechnologyalsomakesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.The“millennials”（千禧一代）whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.

[D]Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects（suchasGEandIBM）tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;

consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality（专业）andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,TeamofTeams,GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy’shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtherebelsitwasfighting:

decentralisingauthoritytoself-organisingteams.

[E]Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon（追随一种管理潮流），itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,“Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;

butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.”ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam，thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon’tcountonit.”

[F]Hackman（whodiedin2013）notedthatteamsarehinderedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyers（能干的人）whoareforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Group-thinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam’smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharderstill.

[G]Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:

America’sNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew’sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse“team”asaverbratherthananoun:

theyformteamsforspecificpurposesandthenquicklydisbandthem.

[H]Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism（感情用事）：

themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:

givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,Amazon’sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig”.Theyneedtoimmuniseteamsagainstgroup-think:

Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontain“deviants”（离经叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers.

[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”istogivethemmorecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork-whichmayme