大学英语四级考试Word格式文档下载.docx

1、Do you need a computer in the new semester? Still depressed for not being able to afford a new computer? Good news for you! My computer may be an available option for you to take into consideration.To begin with, its an Apple laptop which was bought two years ago at the price of 10,000 RMB. It is no

2、w in good condition and fully functional. Besides, my laptop is portable so that you can take it to anywhere you want. The storage space is big enough for you to do any assignments, including editing and drawing. Finally, with the dual-core processor and high-performance video card, it can be unimpe

3、ded when you play online games and watch videos.So if you are eager to have a computer of your own, please do not hesitate to call me at 1234567. I will offer you a 50% discount!【解析】“available”意思为“可获得的”；“take into consideration”意思为“考虑”；“storage space”意思为“存储空间”；“dual-core processor”意思为“双核处理器”；“unimpe

4、ded”意思为“畅通无阻的”。Part II Listening Comprehension与第一套相同。Part III Reading ComprehensionSection A In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully b

5、efore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

6、The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops （啤酒花）, for example, which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a _26_ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a _27_ ingredient in residue （残留物）

7、from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers _28_ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools”，and t

8、he earliest _29_ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To _30_ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried _31_ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley （大麦）and

9、about 10% were bits of roots _32_ lily, which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didnt become a _33_ food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timin

10、g, they indicate barley may have _34_ in the region not as food, but as _35_ material for beer brewing.A） arrived B） consuming C） direct D） exclusively E） including F） inform G） raw H） reached I） relatively J） remains K） resources L） staple M） surprising N） suggest O） test26. 【答案】I【解析】分析句子结构，由空格前的冠词

11、a和空格后的形容recent可知，空格处应填入一个副词来修饰recent。根据语义，可知relatively更为合适。故本题选I。27. 【答案】M【解析】由空格前的冠词a和空格后的名词ingredient可知，空格处应填入一个形容词来修饰ingredient。根据句子意思可知，填入surprising最为合适。故本题选M。28. 【答案】N【解析】分析句子结构，空格处可能缺少一个谓语动词，以引导后面的宾语从句。根据语意可知，填入suggest最为合适。故本题选N。29. 【答案】C【解析】空格处缺少一个形容词，与earliest一同修饰名词evidence。再根据语意可知，填入direct更

12、为合适。故本题选C。30. 【答案】O【解析】空格处应填入一个动词原形。根据句意可知填入test最为合适。故本题选0。31. 【答案】J【解析】由空格前的形容词dried可知空格处应填入一个名词。根据语意可知remains最为合适。故本题选J。32. 【答案】E【解析】由空格前的about 10% were bits of roots以及空格后的lily，再根据句意可知，此处填入介詞including最为适合。故本题选E。33. 【答案】L【解析】根据语义，这里应填入staple词，staple food表示“主食”的意思。故本题应选L。34. 【答案】A【解析】分析句子可知该从句为主谓结构，

13、空格只可能和其前的may have组成谓语动词，根据语意可知填入arrived最为合适。故本题选A。35. 【答案】G【解析】空格处应填入一个形容词来修饰后面的material，根据语义可知填入raw最为合适，故本题选G。Section B In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fro

14、m which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Team spiritA Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements rout

15、inely call for “team players Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capit

16、al Trends”，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on （开始）it; and for the most part, restruct

17、uring meant putting more emphasis on teams.B Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spend

18、ing more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy （等级体制）.C The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for bo

19、th the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility （灵活性） John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions （过渡），not competitors. Product transit

20、ions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “millennials” （千禧一代） who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onw

21、ards to work in groups.D The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects （such as GE and IBM） to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and o

22、thers collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the armys hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was

23、to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.E A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon （追随一种管理潮流），it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management i

24、n Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answerteams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I hav

25、e no question that when you have a team，the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary. But dont count on it.”F Hackman （who died in 2013） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration.

26、 High-flyers （能干的人）who are forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to def

27、ine a teams membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.G Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are

28、temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: Americas National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crews first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as

29、 a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.H The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism （感情用事）：the most successful teams have leade

30、rs who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazons boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big”. They need

31、to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviants” （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.I A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work-which may me