Culture differences between Chinese names and English names汉英人名的文化差异文档格式.docx

Culture differences between Chinese names and English names汉英人名的文化差异文档格式.docx

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2.1.2.ThedevelopmentofChinesesurnames................................................................4

2.2.Englishspeakingcountry'

ssurnames......................................................................6

2.2.1.TheoriginsofChinesesurnames.........................................................................6

2.2.2.ThedevelopmentofChinesesurnames...............................................................7

III.NameindifferentwaysinChinaandWesterncountries.......................................9

3.1.Chinesenames.........................................................................................................9

3.2.Westernersnames.................................................................................................10

IV.ThetranslationofdifferencesofChineseandWesternnames...............................12

4.1.EnglishtranslationofChinesenames...................................................................12

4.2.ChineseTranslationofEnglishNames.................................................................13

V.ComparisonofChineseandWesternnicknames....................................................15

VI.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………16

致谢………………………………………………………………………………….17

参考文献……………………………………………………………………………18

CulturalDifferencesbetweenChineseNamesandWesternNames.

Abstract:

nameisnotonlythesignofdifferentiatingthesocial-membersfromeachother,butalsocontainsanation’slanguage,history,cultureandreligionandsoon.Becauseofthedifferencesofhistoricaldevelopmentandculturaltradition,twodistinctivesystemsofnamesformed.ThispaperfromtheoriginofChinesenameandWesternnameandthewaythatpeoplenamedshowsthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternnameculture.Throughthenameofthoroughresearchwecanbetterunderstandwesternculture,anditisgoodforEnglishlearning,andpromotesthedevelopmentofinternationalculture.

Keyword:

western;

name;

culture;

differences

从姓名看中西方文化差异

摘要：

姓名不仅是社会成员相互区别的符号，而且隐含着一个民族的语言、历史、文化和宗教等信息。

由于各自历史发展和文化传统的差异，中西方之间形成了两种各具特色的姓名体系。

本文拟从中西方姓名的起源、取名的方式等方面探讨中西方姓名文化的差异。

通过对姓名的深入研究可以使我们更加了解西方文化，有助于英语的学习，促进跨国文化的发展。

关键词：

中西方，姓名，文化，差异

I.Introduction

Thenameofhumansocietyhasalwaysbeenanimportantpartofpersonalidentification.Incommunicativeactivities,peopleusuallystartwiththename.NameisthecommonculturephenomenonofChineseandEnglishnations,butthenationalhistory,ecology,religion,customs,feelings,aesthetictaste,anddifferentwaysofthinking,formingadistinctivenameofculture.Nameisdiverse,cultureisalsodiverse.Ascarriersofcultures,ChineseandEnglishnamesarefullofculturalconnotations,andresultinculturalgapbetweenEnglishandChinese.

Namesareusedbyhumanbeingsandtheyarethesignsforpeopletodistinguishonepersonfromtheothers.Theyhavesomeparticularfunctionsthatnoothersignscanperform.Theyarenotonlylinguisticsymbols,butalsosocialsymbols,representingrelationshipinsocietiesandcultures.“Eachpersonhashisnamewhichdistinguisheshimselffromothermembersinthecommunity,andeachcountryhasitsownnamesystemowingtotheirdifferenthistoricalandculturalbackground”.（吴芳，2002）Inaword,personalnamesarewindowsforpeopletoseethroughdifferentculturesindifferentsocieties.Accordingtoresearchingthename,itcanmakeusdeeplyunderstandwesternculture,andhelpuslearnEnglish,andpromotethedevelopmentofinternationalculture.

II.SurnameOrigin

Thestudyofsurnameshasformedascientificdiscipline.Ithascloselyrelationswithcensus,linguistic,historyandarchaeology,andhasanextremelyimportantroleforpersonnelmodernizedscientificmanagement.Asanedgediscipline,thesurnamestudyreceivesthevalueofvariousaspects.Becauseofthechangeofallpreviousdynastiesroyalgovernment,theofficialcircleupsanddowns,yearsofviolence,climatechange,ethnicmigrationandthenationalmigrationandotherfactors,thesurnameisveryconfused.

2.1.Hansurname

“ThenumberoffamilynamesinChineseismuchsmallerthanthatofEnglishname.Sofar,wehavealltogetherlessthantenthousandfamilynames,inwhich63familynamesarefromtheHannationality.Butinthewest,thereare156thousandfamilynames,amongwhichthirty-fivethousandarefrequentlyseenindailylife”.（吴芳，2002）“ItisthoughtthatChinesefamilynamescameaboutinmatriarchalclansociety.Atthattime,everyclangotthedistinctiveclannamebasedontheirtotemordwellingplaces.TheclannamesaretheearliestfamilynameswhichinChinesearecalled'

Xing'

.”（任瑞，2004）

2.1.1TheoriginsofChinesesurnames

“Inancienttimes,thehumanbeingswerenotonlyafraidofnaturalpower,butalsorespectit.Therefore,bothinChineseandEnglishpersonalnames,wecanfindlotsofnamesfromplace,animal,plant,unlivingthingsinnatureornaturalphenomenon”.（龚爱华，2005）Itssourcemainlyinthefollowingareas:

“Atbeginning,thebasicofpersonalnameistotemism.Totemismmaybeanimals,plantsorunlivingthings.Thegroupoftentakessometotemastheirancestor,andthenuseditastheirownnames”.（孙守玉,岳红丽，2001）

Tofeudforthename,thatnameorthenameofthecountrydynastysurname.Forexample,Zhao,Song,Qin,Han,Qi,Chen,tube,Cao,Cai,andWei.Aresidenceforthefamilyname,thatistheplacewheretheancestorsofsurname.Forexample,SpringandAutumnPeriodQi'

sdoctorlivinginthecapitalofSiyu,respectively,Stong,WestKuo,NanGuo,NorthKuo,thiswillbetodongguo,SouthGuoWeisurname.Chengdoctorlivinginthewestgate,thusittoSimonasasurname.LegendofFuXilivedintheEast,andhisdescendantswillbetotheEastasasurname.Inhisofficialcapacityasasurname,thattheirancestorsservedasanofficialcalledthefamilyname.Forexample,'

Stuart'

istheancientChineseofficialinchargeofEducationandculture,'

Ma'

istheofficialinchargeofthemilitary,andtheirdescendants,calledontotheseofficialnames.

Career-namesurnamethattheirancestorscareerasasurname.Forexample,stonemasonnamed,thenamesofpotterspottery,witchcraftsurnamedWu,butchernamedTu,Musicandothermusicianslastname.

Colornamesurname,whichisthecolorofnatureasasurname.Forexample,white,yellow,blue,greenandsoon.

Chinesewomenbothbeforeandaftermarriage,whethertoretaintheirownindependentfamilyname,thatis,menandwomenofvarioussurnames.However,inBritainandotherWesterncountries,accordingtothetraditionalmarriagecustomsofwomeningeneralneedtouseherhusband'

ssurname,thatis,womenwiththehusband'

ssurname.If,MarieWhiteLadyandMr.JohnBrowngotmarriedwoman'

snameisMarieBrown.MarriedwomeninHongKongafterherhusband'

ssurnameoftenaddedbeforehisname.Forexample,XUXiao-liandZHANGXiao-ganggotmarriedwoman'

snameisZhangXUXiao-li.ManygoabroadtostudyandworkinChinese,butalsoforeignlanguagefacultiesofstudents,inordertofacilitatecontactswithforeigners,oftengivethemselvesupa'

foreignnames'

butthenameisnotreform.AndmanyforeignerscometoChinatostudyorwork,inordertofacilitatecontactswithourstaff,oftenfromaChinesenameforhimselfnotonlythenameistheChinesename,butalsoaChinesesurnamesurname.

2.1.2.ThedevelopmentofChinesesurnames

Ourcountryisthefirsttousesurnamesintheworld,probablybefore5000FuXitime,"

surname"

isdecidedashereditary,andtransmitsbythefather.Todaywesaidthesurnameandcommon"

takethesurnamestrokeastheforeword"

regardsthesurnameasaunifiedconcept,however"

thesurname"

and"

familyname"

hadthestrictdifferenceintheancienttimes."

Thesurname"

representstheclanofdescent,stemsfromthematriarchalsociety,iscalledthesurnameoftheclan,andistodifferentiatethebloodrelationship."

Familyname"

wasthesymbolofthearistocratandthetitleofthepatriarchalclansystem,atthemiddleofXiaDynasty"

becomesthecollateralseriesof"

expresstheexploitsandstatus.Atthattimetribe'

sbigassociation,hasbecomecertaincliques,identifiedfortheneedsofinteraction,whilethesesmallgroupsgetanewresidence,getthenewsignthatcontactwiththeregion-surname.

WealwaysthinkChinesehave"

first,then"

thefamilyname"

infact,surnameandfamilynamehavebeenmixinginusing,therelationshipofsurnameandfamilynamearechanging.Inthefableandtheliteraturepresentsahundredof"

theearliestarethesurnamesofPanGu、TianHuang、DiHuang、RenHuang、WuLongarea,afterthatappearedthesurnamesofJuLing、HuangShen、GuiWei、KongSong、CiMinandsoon,thenthesurnameofChenFang、ShuShang、HunDun、YouChaoetc,thereare13surnames,theymentionedera.Inthistime,themostimportantsurnamesareYouChaoandSuiRen.ThesurnameofYouChaoteachpeopletobuildhouses;

ThesurnameofSuiReninventedthemethodthatmadefirebyboring,taughtthehumanthepreparedfood,andkeptrecordsbytyingknots.

SteppingintoFuXiperiod,itappearedtribesandcountriesthatareestablishedbythepeoplewhohasthes