英语六级真题及答案全三套无听力文档格式.docx

英语六级真题及答案全三套无听力文档格式.docx

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MyfavoritebookisFacebook.”

Facebookisthenameofasocialnetworkingwebsite.

SocialNetworkingWebsitesandReading

Aswecanseefromthepicture,twopersonsarediscussingaboutreading.Whiletoouramusement,theboysayshisfavoritebookisFacebook.Thepictureseemstobehumorousandridiculousbutthought-provokingonsecondthoughts,whichintendstoinformusthatthesocialnetworkhasexertedanimportantimpactonourdailyreading.

Opinionsvarywhenitcomestotheimpactofsocialnetworkingwebsitesonreading.Somepeopleinsistthatsocialnetworkprovideslargecollectionsofinformationatatremendousspeedandstimulatestheirreadinginterest.Onthecontrary,otherpeopleclaimthatitisacommonphenomenonthatahostofyoungstersspendsomuchtimereadingonsocialnetworksthattheydon’thaveadequateopportunitiesortimetoreadtraditionalbooks.

Thereisasayinggoeslikethis,“Everycoinhasitstwosides”.Sothereisnosurprisethattherearedifferentopinionsabouttheimpactofsocialnetworkingwebsitesonreading.However,asacollegestudent，Iamconvincedthatitisnecessaryforustoreadonsocialnetworkingwebsites,butitisofgreaternecessityforustoreadtraditionalbooks,becausesocialnetworksarejustourtoolsandnevercanwedependonitineverything.

PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawardbankfollowingthepassage.ReadthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoicesEachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Itseemstobealawinthetechnologyindustrythatleadingcompanieseventuallylosetheirpositions,oftenquicklyandbrutally.MobilephonechampionNokia,oneofEurope’sbiggesttechnologysuccessstories,wasno36exception,losingitsmarketshareinjustafewyears.

In2007,Nokiaaccountedformorethan40%ofmobilephonesales37worldwide.Butconsumers’preferenceswerealready38shiftingtowardtouch-screensmartphones.WiththeintroductionofApple’siPhoneinthemiddleofthatyear,Nokia’smarketshare39shrankrapidlyandrevenueplunged.Bytheendof2013,NokiahadsolditsphonebusinesstoMicrosoft.

WhatsealedNokia’sfatewasaseriesofdecisionsmadebyStephenElopinhispositionasCEO,whichhe40assumedinOctober2010.EachdaythatElopspentinchargeofNokia,thecompany’smarketvaluedeclinedby$23million,makinghim,bythenumbers,oneoftheworstCEOsinhistory.

ButElopwasnottheonlypersonat41fault.Nokia’sboardresistedchange,makingitimpossibleforthecompanytoadapttorapidshiftsintheindustry.Most42notably,JormaOllila,whohadledNokia’stransitionfromanindustrialcompanytoatechnologygiant,wastoofascinatedbythecompany’s43previoussuccesstorecognizethechangethatwasneededtosustainitscompetitiveness.

Thecompanyalsoembarkedona44desperatecost-cuttingprogram,whichincludedtheeliminationofthousandsofjobs.Thiscontributedtothe45deteriorationofthecompany’sonce-spiritedculture,whichhadmotivatedemployeestotakerisksandmakemiracles.Goodleadersleftthecompany,takingNokia’ssenseofvisionanddirectionswiththem.Notsurprisingly,muchofNokia’smostvaluabledesignandprogrammingtalentleftaswell.

A）assumedI）previous

B）biasJ）relayed

C）desperateK）shifting

D）deteriorationL）shrank

E）exceptionM）subtle

F）faultN）transmitting

G）incidentallyO）worldwide

H）notably

SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

First-GenerationCollege-Goers:

UnpreparedandBehind

Kidswhoarethefirstintheirfamiliestobravetheworldofhighereducationcomeoncampuswithlittleacademicknow-howandaremuchmorelikelythantheirpeerstodropoutbeforegraduation.

[A]WhenNijayWilliamsenteredcollegelastfallasafirst-generationstudentandJamaicanimmigrant,hewasacademicallyunpreparedfortherigorsofhighereducation.Likemanyfirst-generationstudents,heenrolledinamedium-sizedstateuniversitymanyofhishighschoolpeerswerealsoattending,receivedaPellGrant,andtookoutsomesmallfederalloanstocoverothercosts.Giventhehighpriceofroomandboardandtheclosenessoftheschooltohisfamily,hechosetoliveathomeandworkedbetween30and40hoursaweekwhiletakingafullclassschedule.

[B]WhatNijaydidn’trealizeabouthisschool—TennesseeStateUniversity—wasitsfrighteninglylowgraduationrate:

amere29percentforitsfirst-generationstudents.Attheendofhisfirstyear,NijaylosthisPellGrantofover$5,000afternarrowlymissingthe2.0GPAcut-off,makingitimpossibleforhimtocontinuepayingforschool.

[C]NijayrepresentsalargeandgrowinggroupofAmericans:

first-generationcollegestudentswhoenterschoolunpreparedorbehind.Tomakemattersworse,theseschoolsareill-equippedtograduatethesestudents—youngadultswhofacespecificchallengesandobstacles.Theytypicallycarryfinancialburdensthatoutweighthoseoftheirpeers,aremorelikelytoworkwhileattendingschool,andoftenrequiresignificantacademicremediation（补习）.

[D]MattRubinoffdirectsI’mFirst,anonprofitorganizationlaunchedlastOctobertoreachouttothisspecificpopulationofstudents.Hehopestodistributethisinformationandhelpprospectivecollege-goersfindthebestpost-secondaryfit.AndwhileRubinoffbelievesthereareagoodnumberoffour-yearschoolsthattrulycareaboutthesestudentsandsetasidesignificantresourcesandprogramsforthem,hesaysthatnumberisn’thighenough.

[E]“It’snotonlytheselectiveandeliteinstitutionsthatprovidethoseopportunitiesforasmallsubsetofthispopulation,”Rubinoffsaid,addingthatamajorityoffirst-generationundergraduatestendtowardoptionssuchasonlineprograms,two-yearcolleges,andcommuterstateschools.Unfortunately,theretendstobealackofinformationandsupporttohelpstudentsthinkbiggerandbroader.”

[F]Despitethisproblem,manystudentsarestilldrawntotheseinstitutions—andtwo-yearschoolsinparticular.Asaformerhighschoolteacher,Isawstudentschoosefamiliar,cheaperoptionsyearafteryear.Insteadofskippingoutonhighereducationaltogether,theychosecommunitycollegesorstateschoolswithlowbarsforadmittance.

[G]“Theyunderestimatethemselveswhenselectingauniversity,”saidDaveJarrat,amarketingexecutiveforInsideTrack,afor-profitorganizationthatspecializesincoachinglow-incomestudentsandsupportingcollegesinordertohelpstudentsthrive.“Therealityofitisthatalotoflow-incomekidscouldbegoingtoeliteuniversitiesonafullridescholarshipanddon’tevenrealizeit.”

[H]“Manystudentsarecomingfromasituationwherenoonearoundthemhastheexperienceofsuccessfullycompletinghighereducation,sotheyarecominginquestioningthemselvesandtheircollegeworthiness,”Jarratcontinued.Thathelpsexplainwhy,asI’mFirst’sRubinoffindicated,theschoolstowhichthesestudentsendupresortingcanendupbeingsomeofthepoorestmatchesforthem.TheUniversityofTennesseeinKnoxvilleoffersoneexampleofthisdilemma.AflagshipuniversityintheSouth,theschoolgraduatesjust16percentofitsfirst-generationstudents,despiteitsoverallgraduationrateof71percent.Locatedonlyafewhoursapart,TheUniversityofTennesseeandTennesseeStateareworthcomparing.TennesseeState’soverallgraduationrateisatiny39percent,butatleastithasasmallergapbetweentheoutcomesforfirst-generationstudentsandthoseoftheirpeers.

[I]Still,theUniversityofTennesseedeservescreditforbeingtransparent.Manylargeinstitutionskeepthiskindofdatasecret-oratleastmakeitincrediblydifficulttofind.TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,forinstance,admitsonlythatthegraduationrateforitsfirst-generationpupilsis“muchlower”thanthepercentageofallstudentswhograduatewithinfouryears（81percent）.

[J]Itisactuallyquitedifficulttofindreliablestatisticsontheissueformanyschools.Highereducationinstitutionsare,underfederallaw,requiredtoreportgraduationrates,butthesereportstypicallyonlyincludePellrecipientnumbers—notnecessarilyratesspecifictofirst-generationstudents.Otherinitiativesfailtobreakdownthedata,too.Imaginehowintimidatingitcanbeforprospectivestudentsunfamiliarwiththecomplexitiesofhighereducationtonavigatethiskindofinformationandthenidentifywhichschoolsarethebestfit.

[K]ItwasthislackofinformationthatpromptedthelaunchofI’mFirstin2013，originallyasanarmofitsumbrellaorganization,theCenterForStudentOpportunity.“Ifwecanhelptodirectstudentstomoreofthesetypesofcampusesandhelpstudentstounderstandthemtoberealisticandaccessibleplaces,havethemapplytotheseschoolsatgreaterfrequencyandultimatelygetinandenroll,wearegoing