DubiousprogressinDHLawrence27sTicketPlease学习资料Word下载.docx

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withmute,stupefiedfaces"

（346）1

∙2 

Women'

sstrugglefortheirrightsandarealsocialstatuswasattimesveryviolent;

inAugustan（...）

2Yet,forallitsapparentsimplicity,theplotisasbafflingforthereaderastheirnewly-acquiredidentityisforthegirls.Thereismorethanmeetstheeyeinthestory:

itwaswrittenduringtheFirstWorldWaranditusesthemoralandsocialupheavalbroughtaboutbytheconflict,insistingonthepsychologicalconsequencesofthechangeinwomen'

sstatusresultingfromemploymentandfollowingtheirfighttobegivensocialrecognitionandthevote.2Atthetime,thatnewsocialroleofwomenwasregardedasaformofprogressbythemale-dominatedsocietyandbysomewomen,asLawrencemakescriticallyclear.Thegirlconductorsbenefitfromtheirnewstatusinthemicrocosmofthetramsystembeforebecomingawareoftheirrealsecond-ratestatuswhenitcomestodirecthumanrelationship.Livingunderthedelusionofbeingrealactorsrecognisedasfullyresponsiblehumanbeings,theyarebrutallyshownbythechiefinspector'

soffhandattitudehowwrongtheyhavebeen.Theirsubsequentviolentreactionrevealstheirdeepfrustrationandtheambiguousrelationshipsbetweenthesexes,marredandwarpedbyprogress.

3Likethegirls,theminersarebothbeneficiariesandvictimsofprogress;

theyformthesocialbackgroundofthestory,atthesametimerealisticandsymbolicalastheintroductionoftheshortstoryshows.Theminers'

economicfunctionisladenwithanimplicitsymbolicalvalue;

extractingcoaltofueltheindustryislikerapingtheearthbyplunderingitsriches,whichhasfar-reachingconsequencesforhumanbeings.Germanmythologyprovidesasimilarimageofagressionwhendwarveswrestgoldfromtheearth,turningthelatterintoawastelandwherespiritualityandtranscendentalismaredead.In"

theincidentaleffectsofprogressonhumanityareshownthroughtheLawrentiancentralthemeoftherelationshipbetweenmenandwomen.Here,theweakersexandthestrongersexarerespectivelyandironicallyembodiedbyAnnieStoneandJohnThomasRaynor.

4Thegirlconductorsare"

fearlessyounghussies"

（335）whobravelyfacethedangersofthetramjourneysandthemalepassengers'

advances;

assuch,theybelongtoadifferentclassofwomenwhosejobisexceptional:

"

This,themostdangeroustram-serviceinEngland,astheauthoritiesthemselvesdeclare,withpride,isentirelyconductedbygirls"

.（335）Suchapositiveandindirectlyself-congratulatorystatementisimmediatelytemperedwiththegrimlyhumorousdescriptionofthegirls,tranformedintohybrids:

Intheiruglyblueuniform,skirtsuptotheirknees,shapelessoldpeakedcapsontheirheads,theyhaveallthesang-froidofanoldnon-commissionedofficer.（335）

∙3 

InthedescriptionofTavershall,"

allwentbyugly,ugly,ugly"

.LadyChatterley'

sLove（...）

5OneofLawrence'

skey-words—ugly3—isusedheretodescribethedevaluedofficialuniformwornbythegirls,justasthewordisrepeatedtostigmatisetheindustriallandscapecrossedbythetraminalliterativephrases（"

longuglyvillages,"

lastlittleuglyplaceofindustry,"

334）.Resemblingtransvestitesintheiruglyuniforms,theconductorsretainonlyabawdysortoffeminitywiththeir"

skirtsuptotheirknees."

Theyarethedrivers'

fitcounterparts;

thelatterare"

menunfitforactiveservice:

cripplesandhunchbacks"

（334）whocompensatefortheirphysicaldeficienciesbytakingfoolishriskswhileothers,effeminate,"

creepforwardinterror."

（335）Excessiveprudenceorrashnessbetraystheirdeepimbalance,adefectreinforcedbythechaoticrhythmofthesyntaxinthelongopeningparagraphsoftheshortstory.Theylackthe"

sang-froid"

whichcharacterizesthegirls,asiftheymightjustaswellswapjobswiththem.Aparallelcanbedrawnbetweenthedrivers'

lossofmanhoodandtheconductresses'

lossofwomanhood.Lawrencemakesitclearthatthepricetopayforsocialprogressisthelossofgenderdifferentiation:

thegirlsassumeanewauthority,whichturnsthemintoshamsoldiers（"

non-commisionedofficer,"

335）withamasculine,sailor-likebehaviour:

thisrovinglifeaboardthecargivesthemasailor'

sdashandrecklessness.Whatmatterhowtheybehavewhentheshipisinport?

Tomorrowtheywillbeaboardagain.（336）

6AnnieStoneisoneofthemandhername,whichisevocativeofahard,mineralsubstance,isinkeepingwithherinflexible,adamantwayofassertingherbrandnewsoldier-likeauthority.Lawrenceironicallyinsistsonthegirl'

scommitmenttoherjobthroughtapinosis,referringtotheGreekbattleofthe"

hotgates"

:

Thestepofthattram-carisherThermopylae."

（335）Inordertoshowtheambiguityoftherelationshipbetweenmenandwomen,theyounginspectorJohnThomasRaynorisintroducedasacentraldevicetothemeaningfulmelodramathatgraduallydevelops."

Afinecock-of-the-walkhewas"

theyoungman'

snumerousconquestsmakehimanobjectforscandal;

alwaysonthelookoutfor"

pasturesnew,"

heconsidershimselfastheproprietorofthegirlconductors（"

hisoldflock,"

340）.Thisvocabularyaimsatrevealinghissimplisticapproachtohisrelationshipwithhissubordinates;

heisreducedtoashallowfigureofaman,meanttoembodyamale-dominatedsystemthatgiveswomentheoutwardattributesofauthoritywithinthelimitsofthetramcarandunderman'

ssupervision.Annie'

spersonalityismorecomplex;

shehastwofaces,asuperficialoneonboardthetramandadeep,instinctiveoneoutsidethesystem.Impervioustooneanotherinthefirsthalfoftheshortstory,thetwoidentitiesthenbegintooverlap.Asaconductorshetakesherjobseriously,whichincreaseshernaturalshrewishnessandconsequentlyshefirstadoptsthesameattitudewithJohnThomasRaynoraswiththeothermalepassengers:

Annie[...]wassomethingofaTartar,andhersharptonguehadkeptJohnThomasatarm'

slengthformanymonths"

（336）,beforeallowingagradualcomplicity,bothintimateanddistanttodevelopbetweenthem:

Inthissubtleantagonismtheykneweachotherlikeoldfriends,theywereasshrewdwithoneanotheralmostasmanandwife.（337）

∙4 

Seetheuseof"

impudent"

336and341,whichechoes"

hussies"

p.335

7Eachofthemknowstherulesofthegameandplaysthemonboardthetramwithintheframeofarelationshipsuperficiallyliberalisedbytheirrespectivefunctionsandtheiryoungage4;

however,Annie'

sfeminineinstinctsandimpulsearestillthere,tobegivenfullplayonafitoccasion.

∙5 

Italicsmine.

8ThereisadrasticchangeofattitudebetweenAnnie-the-conductorandthegirlwhohasanightoffandgoesalonetotheNovemberfunfair.Despitethe"

saddeclineinbrillianceandluxury,"

（337）manypeoplearethereforentertainment,andthegeneralillusory,transientatmosphereoftheeventisindicatedbytheexpression"

artificialwartimesubstitutes"

（337）,describingersatzcoconuts.Inanenvironmentwhosehostilityissuggestedbytheexpressions"

drizzlinguglynight"

（337）and"

black,drizzlingdarkness"

（338）introducingandclosingthefunfairscene,theplace,forallitsshabbiness,isafitplaceforaloveencounter;

furthermore,"

TobeattheStatuteswithoutafellowwasnofun."

Lawrenceexplicitlylinksthechangeofplacewiththechangeofruleswhichatthefunfairdefinethestatusofmenandwomen;

thelatterresumetheirtraditionalpassiveattitude,whereasmenasserttheirlong-establishedeconomicsuperiority.Annieisnolongerthewomanincharge;

shehasleftheruniformtodonherbestclothes,moreappropriateinthisplacewhereitisadvisabletoobservearitualisticformofbehaviourtobein"

therightstyle"

（337）,whichisinfactanintimationofsubmissiveness.ThenewqualityoftherelationshipbetweenAnnieandJohnThomasisemphasizedbytherepetitionof"

round"

;

liketheworld,"

Theroundaboutswereveeringround"

5,andthefair,despiteitssham,allowsare-enactmentoftherealpositionsofmenandwomeninsociety:

JohnThomasmadeherstayonforthenextround.Andthereforeshecouldhardlyforshamerepulsehimwhenheputhisarmroundheranddrewheralittlenearertohim,inaverywarmandcuddlymanner.（337）

∙6 

J.ChevalieretA.Gheerbrant,Dictionnairedessymboles,Paris:

Laffont,1995,p. 

962.

9JohnThomas'

spermissiveattitude,acceptedbyAnnieasamatterofcourse,isanimplicitdenialoftherealityofthesocialprogressgivingwomenauthorityandautonomy.TheconformistrulesattheStatutesFairarethoseofthesocietyofthattime:

menpayforwomen,thusresumingincivilactivitiesthedom