专业八级766文档格式.docx

专业八级766文档格式.docx

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10.00）

填空项1:

__________________ 

（正确答案：

safetyofcosmetics）

解析：

[听力原文]1-10

Neverbeforehavesomanycosmeticsbeenavailabletomakemenandwomenmoreattractive,moredesirable,andmoresociallyacceptable.NeverbeforehaveAmericansusedsuchawidevarietyandlargevolumeofcosmeticproducts.

Mostoftheseproductsaresafeforuse,butitisveryimportantthatyouobservesomecommon-sensesafetyroles.TheFoodandDrugAdministration,orFDA,isthefederalagencywhichhasbeenassignedbytheCongresstoassurethesafetyoftheAmericancosmeticssupply.TheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticArtdefinesacosmeticasanarticlewhichistoberubbed,poured,sprinkled,orsprayedontothebodytocleanse,beautify,promoteattractiveness,orchangeappearance.

ThelawgivestheFDAauthoritytotakelegalactionagainstacosmeticonlyafteritsdangerscanbeprovedinacourtoflaw.TheFDAdoesnothaveauthoritytoreviewthesafetyofcosmeticsortheiringredientsbeforetheyaresoldtothepublic.

Tofulfillitsdutyunderthelaw,theFDAconstantlytestscosmeticproductsforunsafesubstancesorharmfulbacteria.Thepriorityforthistestingisbasedonconsumercomplaintsaboutspecificcosmeticproducts.Wheneveratrendseemstobedevelopinginconsumercomplaints,theFDAgivesitsattentiontothegroupofcosmeticscausingthesecomplaints.

Amongthetypesofproductswhichcausemostcomplaintsaredeodorantsandantiperspirants,hairpreparations,andmakeupfortheeyes.Oftentheadverseeffect,reportedbytheconsumer,isnotseriousanddisappearswhenuseoftheparticularproductisdiscontinued.Butimproperuseofsomecosmeticscancauseseriousandpermanentinjury.

Inthepastfewyears,thecosmeticsindustryhascomealongwayinprovidingfurtherguaranteesthatcosmeticsaresafeandproperlylabeled.Cosmeticscompaniestesttheirproducts,eitherintheirownlaboratoriesorthroughotherlaboratories.

Recently,thecosmeticsindustrytradeassociation,theCosmetic,ToiletryandFragranceAssociation（CTFA）,developedwiththeFDAavoluntaryprogramwhichshouldassisttheFDA'

seffortsinassuringthatcosmeticsareharmless.ThefirststepoftheprogramisthevoluntarylistingofcosmeticfirmswiththeFDA.ThesecondstepcallsforthemanufacturerstolistwiththeFDAtheingredientsintheirproducts,exceptforflavorsandfragrances.ThethirdsteprequirescompaniestoprovidetheFDAwithinformationonallconsumercomplaintstheyreceive.

Theseprogramsshouldcontributetowardevengreaterassurancesthatcosmeticswillbesafe.

appearance）

harmful）

authority）

bacteria）

preparations）

laboratories）

voluntarylisting）

products）

programs）

四、SECTIONB（总题数：

五、Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.

Nowlistentotheinterview.

（总题数：

5.00）

（分数：

A.Onlythediseasedpartofthebodyistreated. 

√

B.Thedoctortreatsthewholeperson.

C.Thewholepersonandthediseasedpartarebothtreated.

D.Patientsaretreatedinaconventionalway.

[听力原文]1-5

Interviewer:

Iunderstandyou'

reinterestedinholisticmedicine.Canyouexplainwhatholisticmedicineis?

Vivienne:

OK.Holisticmedicine...nm...takesintoconsiderationthewholeoftheperson.Nowwhatthismeansin...sinmostholisticsystemsisregardingthepersonasaphysicalentity,amentaloremotionalperson,andalsoeventheirspiritualsideofthem.Urn...italsoincludeslookingatthebodyasawholeratherthanlookingatindividualpartsofthebody,andasawayofexplainingthis,wecouldlookatconventionalmedicineasproducingpeoplewhoarelikeacardiologist,wholooksataheart..,um...abrainspecialist,apersonwhodealswithbones..,er...etc.Sowhatwe'

vetendedtodoinconventionalmedicineistobreakthingsdowntoapointwherewe'

reactuallyonlylookingatonepartofthepersonandwe'

renotactuallyrelatingterriblywellthatparttotherestofthebody,whereasholisticmedicineinsiststhatifthereisaproblem..,er...withyourrightfoot,thatisgoingtosomehow..,um...affectyourentirebody.

Um...yourspecialityisacupuncture.Er...isthatapartofholisticmedicine?

Acupunctureisverymuchaholisticsystem.Urn...traditionallytheChineseregardedthepersonverymuchasawholeentityandacupunctureitselfworksonanenergysystembasically,andinaverysimplifiedway,it'

ssayingthat..,er...youhaveanenergysystemwithinyourbodyandwhenthatenergybecomesblockedortaintedinsomeway,thenyouwillmanifestcertainsymptomsandthethingsthatwelookatinconventionalmedicineasthingslikearthritisorrheumatismare,totheChinese,merelyanimbalanceoftheenergy.Sointhisway,theymaysaytoyou,well,yes,youhaverheumatoidarthritisbutwe'

regoingtoactuallylookatyourenergybalanceandrebalanceyou,andasaresult,yoursymptomsshoulddisappear.

Urn...isacupunctureessentiallyaformofpreventativemedicine?

Traditionally,itwas,verymuch.Um...infact,traditionally..,inChina,peopleonlyusedtopaythedoctorwhiletheywerewellandtheyusedtogototheirdoctorfairlyregularlyon,youknow,maybefourorfivetimesayear,andtheywouldonlypaythedoctorwhentheywerekeptwell.Andiftheygotsick,theydidn'

tpaythedoctor.Andthedoctorhadvariousmethodsofwhichacupuncturewasone,dietwasanother,exercisewasanother..,er...ofensuringthatthepersonlivedarightlifestyleandtheiremphasiswasonifyou'

relivingarightlifestyle,ifyou'

relivingintunewiththelawsoftheuniverse,goingtosleepwhenit'

sdark,wakingupwhenit'

slight,working,resting,doingallthesethingsproperly,thenyouwon'

tgetsick.Unfortunately,ourwayoflookingatlifeintheWestisverydifferentinthatwetendtostruggleoninspiteofourheadacheandnottaketerrii~lymuchnoticeofourbodywhenthingsarenotquitefightandwetendtostruggleonuntilwefalloverandwegetcartedofftohospitalinanambulance.Andso,acupunctureintheWest,unfortunatelyinawayhascometobenotthepreventativemedicinethatitcouldbebecausewe'

renottakingresponsibilityenoughforourselvesingoingalongandmakingsurethatwestaywell.

A.Itworksonrheumatism.

B.Itworksonblood.

C.Itworksonarmsandlegs.

D.Itworksonenergybalance. 

A.Doctorstreatedthepatients.

B.Doctorswerepaidtokeeppeoplewell. 

C.Peoplewerefrightenedofdoctors.

D.Theytreatedeachotherasfriends.

A.Peoplepreferadoctorofholisticmedicine.

B.Peopledon'

tconsultadoctoreveniftheyareill.

C.peopledon'

tgotoseeadoctoruntiltheyareiii. 

D.Peopleoftenvisitadoctorwhethertheyareiiiornot.

A.Westernersarecrazyaboutwork. 

B.Westernersemphasizeprevention.

C.TheChinesepreferconventionalmedicine.

D.TheChineseemphasizetreatment.

六、SECTIONC（总题数：

七、Questions6to8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.

Nowlistentothenews.

3.00）

A.theexecutivebranch,president,andlegislativebranch.

B.thepresident,congress,andthelegislativebranch.

C.theexecutive,legislativeandjudicialdepartment. 

D.thesupremecourt,judicialandexecutivebranch.

[听力原文]6-8

TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,thehighestlawoftheland,dividesgovernmentalpoweramongthreeseparateandco-equalbranches:

theexecutiveorpresident,thelegislativewhichincludesbothHousesofCongressandtheJudicialwiththeSupremeCourtasitshead.

AlthoughAlexanderHamilton,oneofthecountry'

sfoundersdescribedtheFederalJudiciaryas"

beyondcomparison,theweakestofthethreedepartments"

UScourtsdohaveavarietyofjudicialpowersvestedinthembytheConstitution.RexLee,alawyerandformerSolicitorGeneraloftheUnitedStates,saysthatbeyondthoseacceptedjudicialpowersthecourts.alsoexerciseafarmoreimportantone.

Inexercisingitspowerofjudicialreview,theSupremeCourthasvoidedordeclaredunconstitutionalover1,000statelawsandmorethan100federallaws.Inthelast50years,theCourthasuseditsauthoritymostoftenindefenceofcivilliberties.Priortothat,judicialreviewwasusedmainlytoprotectpropertyrights.Understandablythepowerofjudicialreviewhasbeencontroversial.Whilemostpeopledefendthejudiciary'

sroleasinterpreterofconstitutionallaw,criticschargethattheSupremeCourthasexceededitsintendedauthorityand.alsohasplayedtoobigaroleinshapingAmericanpublicpolicy.

A.isthestrongestamongthethree.

B.istheweakestamongthethree. 

C.makespublicpolicies.

D.makesFederalLaws.

A.declared100federallawsunconstitutional

B.declaredover1,000statelawsand100federallawsunconstitutional

C.defendedcivillibertiesmoreoftenthanpropertyrights 

D.defendedpropertyrightsmoreoftenthancivilrights

八、Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachqu