环境工程专业英语unit14Word格式.docx

环境工程专业英语unit14Word格式.docx

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Therecycledbiomassisreferredtoasactivatedsludge.Theterm“activated”isusedbecausethebiomasscontainslivingandacclimatedmicroorganismsthatmetabolizeandassimilateorganicmaterialatahigherratewhenreturnedtotheaerationbasin.Thisoccursbecauseofthelowfood-to-microorganismratiointhesludgefromtheclarifier.

Forthetreatmentofindustrialwastewater,supplementalnutrientsourcesareoftenneededtoprovidesufficientnitrogenandphosphorus.Inmostcases,nitrogenisaddedasammoniaandphosphorusasphosphoricacid.AproperpHrange（6to8）andssufficientdissolvedoxygenconcentration（aminimumofIto2mg/L）mustalsobemaintainedintheaerationbasintosupportahealthyandactivesystem.

7、硫酸铜溶液与铁钉的反应属于化学反应。

硫酸铜溶液的颜色是蓝色，将铁钉浸入硫酸铜溶液中，我们发现铁钉变红了。

Theaerationbasinhydraulicretentiontime（HRT）andsludgeresidencetime（SRT）areimportantoperationalfactors.HRTisdefinedastheratioofthevolumeofaerationtanktotheinfluentliquidflowrate,andSRTisthetotalamountofsludgeinthesystemdividedbytherateofsludgeleavingthesystemaswaste.Sufficienttimemustbeprovidedtoallowthebacteriatoassimilatetheorganicmaterialinthewastewater.TheHRTisusuallyfrom6to24hoursandSRTisfrom4to10daysfortheactivatedsludgeprocess.Theoptimumoperatingtemperatureisintherangeof25°

Cto32°

C.

12、淡水在自来水厂中除了沉淀和过滤之外，还要加入药物进行灭菌处理，这样才能符合我们使用的标准。

Althoughorganismspresentinactivatedsludgesystemsrangefromvirusestomulticellularorganisms,thepredominantandmostactiveareheterotrophic,andtolesserextent,autotrophicbacteria,whicharebothaggregatedinthesludgeflocsanddispersedintheliquid.Heterotrophicbacteriautilizeorganicmaterialasasourceofcarbonandenergy,whileautotrophicbacteriagenerallydependontheoxidationofmineralcompoundsforenergyrequirementsandutilizecarbondioxideasacarbonsource.Thesebacteriaarecapableofperforminghydrolysisandoxidationreactions.

3、月球是距离地球最近的星球直径大约是地球的1/4，质量大约是地球的1/80，月球体积大约是地球的1/49，月球引力大约是地球的1/6。

Complexhydrocarbonsareoxidizedtolowermolecularweightsbyoxygenaseenzymeswhichincorporateoxygendirectedintothelongchainorcyclichydrocarbonmolecule.Polysaccharides,fats,andproteinsaredegradedfromtheirpolymericstatetounitsviahydrolysis.Theend-products,i.e.,alcoholsandacids,fromthosereactionswillenterthemicroorganismandbemetabolizedbyoxidationreactionscatalyzedbyendo-enzymes.Theoxidationfollowsthechemicalsequenceof:

alcoholsoxidizedtoaldehydesandthentoacids.Aportionoftheacidsareoxidizedtocarbondioxideandwatertoobtainthenecessaryenergytouseremainingacidsforcellgrowth.

Generally,theactivatedsludgeprocessisreadilycapableofdecomposingalcohols,aldehydes,fattyacids,alkanes,alkenes,cycloalkenesandaromatics.Othercompoundssuchasisoalkanesandhalogenatedhydrocarbonsaremoreresistanttomicrobialdecomposition.Therefore,thedegreeoftreatmentandtherateofdecompositionaredependentupontheacclimatedbiomassintheactivatedsludgesystem.However,onlydiluteaqueouswastescannormallybetreated,andmosthazardousorganicwastesaretoxicorinhibitorytotheprocessexceptatverylowconcentrations.Therefore,treatmentofhazardouswastesbythisprocessisoftenmostpracticalwheretheaqueouswastecanbemixedwithamorereadilybiodegradablewastewaterstream.

1、放大镜为什么能放大物体的图像呢？

我们注意到它的特点了吗？

（P3）Dissolvedmetalionsandfinemetalparticlesproducesoadverseeffectonmicrobialmetabolismbybindingattheenzymeactivesiteorcausingconformationalchangesintheenzymewithactivatedsludgeprocess.Normally,microorganismscantolerateonlyafewmilligramsperliterorlessofheavymetals.Heavymetalsmaybekeptinsolublebytheadditionofferroussulfatetoencouragesulfideprecipitationandlightmetalcationsmaybedetoxifiedbyencouragingformationofcarbonatesandbicarbonates.Inadditiontobiodegradation,organicmaterialsmayberemovedbyair-stripping,and/orsorptiontothesludge.

单词表

microbial[maɪ'

krobɪəl]

a微生物的

diffusedaeration

扩散曝气鼓风曝气

degradation[,degrə'

deɪʃ（ə）n]

n降解

mechanicalaeration[mɪ'

kæ

nɪk（ə）l][,eə'

reʃən]

机械曝气

toxic['

tɒksɪk]

a有毒的

sludgedryingbed

污泥干化床

aqueous['

eɪkwɪəs]

a水的含水的水状的

sludgefiltration[fɪl'

treʃən]

污泥过滤

tolerate['

tɒləreɪt]

vt忍受

sludgedisposal[dɪ'

spəʊz（ə）l]

污泥处置

concentrated['

kɑnsn'

tretɪd]

a浓缩的集中的

assimilate[ə'

sɪmɪleɪt]

v同化吸收

shockloading

a冲击负荷

supplemental[,sʌplə'

mɛntl]

a补充的

clarifier['

klæ

rifaiə]

n澄清器

ammonia[ə'

məʊnɪə]

氨

equalizationbasin[,ikwəlɪ'

zeʃən]['

beɪs（ə）n]

调节池

phosphoricacid[fɒs'

fɒrɪk]['

æ

sɪd]

磷酸

dampen['

dæ

mp（ə）n]

vt抑制使沮丧

multicellular[mʌltɪ'

seljʊlə]

a多细胞的

uniform['

juːnɪfɔːm]

a一致的，统一的

predominant[prɪ'

dɒmɪnənt]

a主要的

organicloading

有机负荷

autotrophic[,ɔːtə'

trɒfɪk]

a自养的

versatile['

vɜːsətaɪl]

a通用的

aggregate['

grɪgət]

v聚集

flexible['

fleksɪb（ə）l]

a灵活的

floc[flɒk]

n絮状物

effluent['

eflʊənt]

n出水

disperse[dɪ'

spɜːs]

v分散

heterotrophic[,hetərəʊ'

a异养的

mineralcompounds

['

mɪn（ə）r（ə）l]['

kɒmpaʊnd]

n无机物

hydrolysis[haɪ'

drɒlɪsɪs]

n水解作用

predominance

[prɪ'

dɑmɪnəns]

n优势优越

species['

spiʃiz]

a物种

recirculation[rɪ,sɝkjə'

leʃən]

n再循环

oxygenase['

ɒksɪdʒəneɪs]

n加氧酶

biomass['

baɪə（ʊ）mæ

s]

n（单位面积或体积内）生物质

enzyme['

enzaɪm]

n酶

integral['

ɪntɪgr（ə）l;

ɪn'

tegr（ə）l]

a整体的

incorporate[ɪn'

kɔːpəreɪt]

v包含吸收合并

homogenize[hə'

mɒdʒənaɪz]

vt使均匀使类同

longchainhydrocarbon

长链烃

diminish[dɪ'

mɪnɪʃ]

v减小变少

cyclichydrocarbon['

saɪklɪk;

'

sɪk-]

环烃

aerationbasin

[,eə'

reʃən]['

曝气池

polysaccharide[,pɒlɪ'

sæ

kəraɪd]

n多糖多聚糖

aerobicbacterial

[eə'

rəʊbɪk][bæ

k'

tɪrɪəl]

好氧细菌