英语四级作文提分技巧Word文档格式.docx

英语四级作文提分技巧Word文档格式.docx

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Itmakesmefeelpainfultothinkthatshehastowork12hoursadayandsevendaysaweek.

　　Better:

Itpainsmetothinkthatshehastowork12hoursadayandsevendaysaweek.

ItwillbeouraimtoensureproperhealthcareforeachandeveryoneoftheChinesepeople.

OuraimistoensureproperhealthcareforallChinese.

Thisbookwillhelpyoumasterthebasicelementsofgoodwriting.

Thisbookwillhelpyoumasterthebasicsofgoodwriting.

Thesearchoftheforestthattheyconductedwasentirelycomplete.

Thesearchoftheforestwascomplete.

　　或Theyconductedacompletesearchoftheforest.

　　第二个句子合乎汉语表达习惯，即他们对森林进行了彻底的搜查。

Hehasnosenseofprinciples,whetherheisinpublicorinprivate.

Hehasnoprinciples,publicorprivate.

Wheneveranyonetelephonedhertoaskherforhelpwiththeirhomeworkshealwaysobligedrightaway.

Sheimmediatelyobligedanyonewhotelephonedforhelpwithhomework.

Inacautiousmannerthecarwentaroundthecorner.

Thecarnegotiatedthecorner.

Ifthegovernmentagencyfindsthatanindividualhasreceivedapaymenttowhichtheindividualwasnotentitled,whetherornotthepaymentwasduetotheindividual’sfaultormisrepresentation,theindividualshallbeliabletorepaytothegovernmentthetotalsumofthepaymenttowhichtheindividualwasnotentitled.

Ifthegovernmentagencyfindsthatyoureceivedapaymentthatyouweren’tentitledto,youmustpaytheentiresumback.

Anotherimportantaspectisgoodhealth.Itisoneofourgreatblessings.Itmaybeachievedthroughproperdietandexercise.Restisalsodesirable.

Thegreatblessingofgoodhealthmaybehadthroughproperdiet,exercise,andrest.

　　词语简化的一些技巧

　　2策略之一：

用介词短语替代从句。

　　例:

Whiletheywereplayingtennis,shestartedanargumentthatlastedallmorning.

Duringtennisshestartedanargumentthatlastedallmorning.

Whenyoucometothesecondtrafficlight,turnright.

Atthesecondtrafficlightturnleft.

　　2策略之二：

删除诸如"

whois”或"

thatis"

之类的关系代词，变从句为短语。

Thenovel,whichiswritteninthreeparts,toldastorythattookplaceintheMiddleAges.

Thethree-partnoveltoldastorysetintheMiddleAges.

　　注：

把句中的”threeparts”改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词”whichiswrittenin”。

我们经常可以将关系代词如”that”去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。

　　2策略之三：

剔除你不需要的单词

　　"

Twojointpartnerswillpresenttheirviewsoveralong-distancetelephonecall."

　　写完这样的句子后，你自己再读一遍，挑出单词”joint”和”telephone”，注意删去不必要的词。

　　2策略之四：

表达否定意义时，尽量避免使用否定词。

英语中很多词不用"

no’s"

或者"

not’s"

也能表达否定含义的词汇，你尽可以采取更为委婉的表达方式。

　　例：

　　Thuscollegestudentswhodonothavesufficientfinancialbacking,

　　也就是collegestudentswholackssufficientfinancialbacking。

　　如果你不想使用太多的否定词，就应该尽量避免使用它们。

善于变化

许多人将简洁与简短混为一谈，其实二有很大区别。

简洁的主旨是用尽量少的词汇讲述整个故事，简短的主旨则是为保持文章篇幅短小，精心撰写或随意删除文中的某些词语或章节。

　　简洁并不意味着总写短句子。

事实上，如果句式缺乏变化，文章就会显得支离破碎，缺少联系，让人觉得写作技巧贫乏。

句式的变化能令文章协调而流畅，会让读者感觉到作者对主题把握得游刃有余。

虽然短句没什么语法错误，但用得太多会使本应合在一起的意思分离开来。

　　记住：

不要使用一串串短的、支离破碎的句子。

要理清自己的思路，尽量使句子长度有所变化。

　　Before:

TheArtofStrategywaswrittenbySunTzu.Itisafifty-six-hundred-wordChineseclassicalwork.Thewriterputforthasetofprinciplesinaverytightlycompressedmanner.Theydealwithhowtodefeatoppositionsandwinbattles.

　　这种表达的问题在于：

（1）简单的“主语+谓语”结构太多;

（2）"

written"

和"

writer"

　"

TheArtofStrategy"

It"

，"

setofprinciples"

they"

为重复用语;

　　（3）读起来很单调。

　　After：

Inhisfifty-six-hundredwordclassic,TheArtofStrategy,SunTzuputforthatightlycompressedsetofprinciplesforachievingtriumphoveropposition.

　　介词结构+同位语+主语+谓语的形式比较好，因为将"

SunTzu"

放到了最重要成分-主语的位置，其他成分按逻辑排序居次要地位。

整个句子很流畅。

　　再看下面各例

　　Choppy:

Ofcourse,theweaponsatSunTzu’stimewerequiteprimitive.Thearmieswereverylarge.TheywerenearlyaslargeasthoseinWorldWarTwo.ThedevastationandhumansufferingswerejustasprofoundasinWorldWarTwo.

ComparedwithWorldWarTwo,theweaponsatSunTzu’stimewerequiteprimitive,butthearmieswerenearlyaslargeandthedevastationandhumansufferingjustasprofound.

Proverbsareshortsayings.Theyaredrawnfromlongexperience.

Proverbsareshortsayingsdrawnfromlongexperience.

Peoplechangeandplaceschangeaswell.Jenniferfeltthisstrongly.Shehadbeenawayforelevenyears.

Onreturningafteraneleven-yearabsence,Jenniferhadastrongfeelingofhowpeopleandplaceschange.

Beijingstreetsarecrowdedwithtaxis,companycarsandprivatevehiclesownedbythenewlyaffluent.Thenumberhasbeenrisingrapidlyinthelastfewyears.Thelateststatisticsshowtherearenow1.2millionvehiclesinBeijingalone.

Taxis,companycarsandprivatevehiclesownedbythenewlyaffluenthavecrammedBeijingstreetsinrisingnumbersinthelastfewyears-1.2millionvehiclesatlastcount.

MobyDickisabook.Itisalongbook.Itisaboutawhale.AmannamedAhabtriestokillit.HermanMelvillewroteit.

HermanMelvillewrotealongbookcalledMobyDick.Itisthestoryofastruggleofamanagainstawhale.

Thousandsofbuildingsmetthesamefate.Thisaloneisnowbeingpreserved.Itmarksthecenterofthenuclearexplosion.Itisbeingpreservedasasymbol.ItsymbolizesourwishthattherebenomoreHiroshimas.

Ofthethousandsofbuildingsthatmetthesamefate,thisalone,markingthecenterofthenuclearexplosion,isnowbeingpreservedtosymbolizeourwishthattherebenomoreHiroshimas.

Ihavealwayshadadream.Mydreamhasbeentobeafamouswriter.Everyonewouldreadmybooks.Iwouldbecomeverywealthy.

Ihavealwaysdreamedofbeingawealthy,famouswriter,readbyeveryone.

Thisisawreck.ItwasformerlythestatelyImperialGarden.Itispreserveddeliberatelyasareminderandsymbol.

Thiswreck,formerlythestatelyImperialGarden,ispreserveddeliberatelyasareminderandsymbol.

　　句式变化的一些技巧

　　英语的一个显著特征是它可轻易地把简单结构（一个中心意思）转化为复合结构（两个中心意思）和复杂结构（一个中心意思和一个从属意思）甚至转化为复合-复杂结构（两个或以上的意思）。

主句，又称独立句，表达可独立成句的思想内容。

从句，又称非独立句，表达不能独立成句，而需与主句一起构成完整的思想内容。

　　达到句式多变的最佳期途径是把关键词或短语换到开头或结尾，从中发现达到你的目的和适合你的品味的最好方法。

通过连接短句--省词，增词，改变词序或把不那么重要的思想放到从句中去--你就可以写出更流畅，成熟的句子。

　　例

LuHaograduatedlastsummer.HejoinedtheFirstAutoWorksinChangchunsoonaftergraduation.Hereceivedanengineeringdegreefromhiscollege.

　　采用从句能将这三个简单句以不同方式连接起来。

　　After:

Aftergraduatinglastsummerwithanengineeringdegree,LuHaosoonjoinedtheFirstAutoWorksinChangchun.

　　（介词结构+主语+谓语）

　　或：

Anengineeringdegree-holder,LuHaojoinedtheFirstAutoWorksinhangchunlastsummersoonaftergraduation.

　　（同位语+主语+谓语+状语）

Havinggraduatedwithanengineeringdegree,LuHaojoinedtheFirstAutoWorksinChangchunlastsummer.

　　（状语+主语+谓语）

巧用倒装

Tobeornottobe:

thatisthequestion.

　　--WilliamShakespear

　　Neverbeforehavewehadsolittletimetodosomuch.

　　--美国前总统FranklinD.Roosevelt

　　Plain:

Wesatonthecliffsbythesea,watchingthesunset.

　　Interesting:

Onthecliffsbytheseawesat,watchingthesunset.

　　（介词短语-主语-谓语-分词）

　　Normal:

Theprofessorwalkedin.

　　Reversed:

Inwalkedtheprofessor.

　　（谓语-主语）

Jeremyscornedhonestmen.

HonestmenJeremyscorned.

　　（宾语-主语谓语）

AlthoughIamfondofmychildren,Ihopetheywon’tgrowupspoilt.

FondasIamofmychildren,Ihopetheywon’tgrowupspoilt

Henevergaveupcertainhabitsofhisyouth,andoneofthemwasthathelikedtoinspecthisclothesthoroughlyforwrinklesbeforehesteppedoutofthedoor.

Certainhabitsofhisyouthhenevergaveup,andoneofthemwasthathelikedtoinspecthisclothesthoroughlyforwrinklesbeforehesteppedoutofthedoor.

Stephenwasabunglerthen.

AbunglerStephenwasthen.

　　（补语-主语-谓语）

Weshallneverfeelsecure.

　　Reversed/Interesting:

Secureweshallneverfeel.

Thisisalostgeneration.

Thisisagenerationlost.

TheimmenseexpanseoftheGobiDesertstretchesbeforeus.

BeforeusstretchedtheimmenseexpanseoftheGobiDesert.

　　（介词短语-谓语-名词）

Hewasn’tcutouttobeapeacetimeofficer.Hewantedglory,hewantedtheexcitementofwar.Noone,exceptpossiblyhimself,haseverdoubtedhisphysicalcourage（oranyotherkindofcourage）.

Hewasn’tcutouttobeapeacetimeofficer.Hewantedglory,hewantedtheexcitementofwar.Hisphysicalcourage（oranyotherkindofcourage）noone,exceptpossiblyhimself,haseverdoubted.

Nobodyknowswhylandssinkundertheseaandriseagain.

Whylandssinkundertheseaandriseagainnobodyknows.

Idarenottrusther.

　　Emphatic:

TrustherIdarenot.

Ineverthoughthewouldreturnalive.

NeverdidIthinkhewouldreturnalive.

　　Loose:

Historyhasprovedamplythatmerenumbersmaybedefeatedbysmallerforceswhoaresuperiorinarms,organization,andmorale.

Thatmerenumbersmaybedefeatedbysmallerforceswhoaresuperiorinarms,organization,andmoralehistoryhasamplyproved.

Ihatetaxesandtaxcollectorsequally.

Taxesandtaxcollectors,Ihateequall