GMAT GWDBOSEN21套模拟题13文档格式.docx

GMAT GWDBOSEN21套模拟题13文档格式.docx

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∙JazzpianistandcomposerTheloniousMonkproducedabodyofworkthatwasrooted

∙JazzpianistandcomposerTheloniousMonkproducedabodyofworkrootedboth

Q3

HighwayOfficial:

Whenresurfacingourconcretebridges,weshoulduseelectricallyconductiveconcrete（ECC）ratherthanstandardconcrete. 

Inthewinter,ECCcanbeheatedbypassinganelectriccurrentthroughit,therebypreventingicebuildup. 

Thecostoftheelectricityneededissubstantiallylowerthanthecostofthede-icingsaltwecurrentlyuse.

Taxpayer:

ButconstructioncostsforECCaremuchhigherthanforstandardconcrete,soyourproposalisprobablynotjustifiableoneconomicgrounds.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,couldbestbeusedtosupportthehighwayofficial'

sproposalinthefaceofthetaxpayer'

sobjection?

∙Theuseofde-icingsaltcausescorrosionofthereinforcingsteelinconcretebridgedecksanddamagetotheconcreteitself,therebyconsiderablyshorteningtheusefullifeofconcretebridges.

∙Severeicingconditionscancausepoweroutagesandslowdowntheworkofemergencycrewstryingtogetpowerrestored.

∙Inweatherconditionsconducivetoicing,icegenerallyformsontheconcretesurfacesofbridgeswellbeforeitformsonpartsoftheroadwaythatgooversolidground.

∙Asidefromitspotentialuseforde-icingbridges,ECCmightalsobeaneffectivemeansofkeepingotherconcretestructuressuchasparkinggaragesandairportrunwaysicefree.

∙IfECCweretobeusedforabridgesurface,theelectriccurrentwouldbeturnedononlyattimesatwhichicewaslikelytoform.

Q4

Whichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletesthepassage?

Appendicitis（inflammationoftheappendix）ispotentiallyfatal;

consequently,patientswithsymptomsstronglysuggestingappendicitisalmostalwayshavetheirappendixremoved. 

Theappropriatesurgeryislow-riskbutperformedunnecessarilyinabout20percentofallcases. 

Anewlydevelopedinternalscanforappendicitisishighlyaccurate,producingtwomisdiagnosesforevery98correctdiagnoses. 

Clearly,usingthistest,doctorscanlargelyavoidunnecessaryremovalsoftheappendixwithout,however,performinganyfewernecessaryonesthanbefore,since______.

∙thepatientswhoarecorrectlydiagnosedwiththistestasnothavingappendicitisinvariablyhavemedicalconditionsthataremuchlessseriousthanappendicitis

∙themisdiagnosesproducedbythistestarealwaysinstancesofattributingappendicitistosomeonewhodoesnot,infact,haveit

∙allofthepatientswhoarediagnosedwiththistestashavingappendicitisdo,infact,haveappendicitis

∙everypatientwhoisdiagnosedwiththistestashavingappendicitishasmorethanoneofthesymptomsgenerallyassociatedwithappendicitis

∙theonlypatientswhoaremisdiagnosedusingthistestarepatientswholackoneormoreofthesymptomsthataregenerallyassociatedwithappendicitis

Q5

Therearenolegallimits,asthereareforcodandhaddock,onthesizeofmonkfishthatcanbecaught,acircumstancethatcontributestotheirdepletionthroughoverfishing.

∙Therearenolegallimits,asthereareforcodandhaddock,onthesizeofmonkfishthatcanbecaught,acircumstancethatcontributestotheirdepletionthroughoverfishing.

∙Therearenolegallimitsonthesizeofmonkfishthatcanbecaught,unlikecodorhaddock,acircumstancethatcontributestodepletingthembecausetheyarebeingoverfished.

∙Therearelegallimitsonthesizeofcodandhaddockthatcanbecaught,butnotformonkfish,whichcontributestoitsdepletionthroughoverfishing.

∙Unlikecodandhaddock,therearenolegalsizelimitsoncatchingmonkfish,whichcontributestoitsdepletionbybeingoverfished.

∙Unlikecatchingcodandhaddock,therearenolegalsizelimitsoncatchingmonkfish,contributingtotheirdepletionbecausetheyareoverfished.

Q6

Heirloomtomatoes,grownfromseedssavedfromthepreviousyear,onlylooklessappetizingthantheirroundandredsupermarketcousins,oftengreenandstriped,orhaveplentyofbumpsandbruises,butaremoreflavorful.

∙cousins,oftengreenandstriped,orhaveplentyofbumpsandbruises,butare

∙cousins,oftengreenandstriped,orwithplentyofbumpsandbruises,although

∙cousins,oftengreenandstriped,ortheyhaveplentyofbumpsandbruises,althoughtheyare

∙cousins;

theyareoftengreenandstriped,orwithplentyofbumpsandbruises,although

theyareoftengreenandstriped,orhaveplentyofbumpsandbruises,buttheyare

Q7~Q9

Seventeenth-century

philosopherJohnLocke

statedthatasmuchas

Line 

99percentofthevalueof

（5） 

anyusefulproductcanbe

attributedto"

theeffectsof

labor."

ForLocke'

sintellec-

tualheirsitwasonlyashort

steptothe"

labortheoryof

（10） 

value,"

whoseformulators

heldthat100percentofthe

valueofanyproductisgen-

eratedbylabor（thehuman

workneededtoproduce

（15） 

goods）andthatthereforethe

employerwhoappropriates

anypartoftheproduct'

s

valueasprofitispracticing

theft.

（20） 

Althoughhumaneffortis

requiredtoproducegoods

fortheconsumermarket,

effortisalsoinvestedin

makingcapitalgoods（tools,

（25）machines,etc.）,whichare

usedtofacilitatetheproduc-

tionofconsumergoods. 

In

moderneconomiesabout

one-thirdofthetotaloutputof

（30）consumergoodsisattribut-

abletotheuseofcapital

goods. 

Approximatelytwo-

thirdsoftheincomederived

fromthistotaloutputispaid

（35）outtoworkersaswagesand

salaries,theremainingthird

servingascompensation

totheownersofthecapital

Moreover,part

（40） 

ofthisremainingthirdis

receivedbyworkerswho

areshareholders,pension

beneficiaries,andthelike.

Thelabortheoryofvalue

（45）systematicallydisregards

theproductivecontributionof

capitalgoods—afailingfor

whichLockemustbearpart

oftheblame.

Q7

Accordingtotheauthorofthepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofthedistributionoftheincomederivedfromthetotaloutputofconsumergoodsinamoderneconomy?

∙Workersreceiveashareofthisincomethatissignificantlysmallerthanthevalueoftheirlaborasacontributiontototaloutput.

∙Ownersofcapitalgoodsreceiveashareofthisincomethatissignificantlygreaterthanthecontributiontototaloutputattributabletotheuseofcapitalgoods.

∙Ownersofcapitalgoodsreceiveashareofthisincomethatisnogreaterthantheproportionoftotaloutputattributabletotheuseofcapitalgoods.

∙Ownersofcapitalgoodsarenotfullycompensatedfortheirinvestmentbecausetheypayoutmostoftheirshareofthisincometoworkersaswagesandbenefits.

∙Workersreceiveashareofthisincomethatisgreaterthanthevalueoftheirlaborbecausethelabortheoryofvalueoverestimatestheircontributiontototaloutput.

Q8

Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

∙criticizingLocke'

seconomictheories

∙discountingthecontributionoflaborinamoderneconomy

∙questioningthevalidityofthelabortheoryofvalue

∙arguingforamoreequitabledistributionofbusinessprofits

∙contendingthatemployersareovercompensatedforcapitalgoods

Q9

Whichofthefollowingargumentswouldaproponentofthelabortheoryofvalue,asitispresentedinthefirstparagraph,bemostlikelytouseinresponsetothestatementthat"

Thelabortheoryofvaluesystematicallydisregardstheproductivecontributionofcapitalgoods"

（lines44-47）?

∙Theproductivecontributionsofworkersandcapitalgoodscannotbecomparedbecausetheproductivelifespanofcapitalgoodsislongerthanthatofworkers.

∙Theauthor'

sanalysisofthedistributionofincomeismisleadingbecauseonlyasmallpercentageofworkersarealsoshareholders.

∙Capitalgoodsarevaluableonlyinsofarastheycontributedirectlytotheproductionofconsumergoods.

∙Theproductivecontributionofcapitalgoodsmustbediscountedbecausecapitalgoodsrequiremaintenance.

∙Theproductivecontributionofcapitalgoodsmustbeattributedtolaborbecausecapitalgoodsarethemselvesproductsoflabor.

Q10

ResearchersinGermanyhaveunearthed400,000-year-oldwoodenspearsfromwhatitappearswasanancientlakeshorehuntinggroundasstunningevidenceofhumanancestorswhosystematicallyhuntedbiggamemuchearlierthanbelieved.

∙