定语从句Word格式.docx
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,在从句中作主语,宾语）
常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:
when、why、where
ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.
Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.
Theboy（whom）youaretalkingtoismybrother.
I'
dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）;
第三选择合适的关系词。
几个关系代词的基本用法:
●that:
可指人或物;
在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
（指人时,相当于who或whom;
指物时,相当于which）（一般不用于非限制性定语从句;
不可置于介词后作宾语）如:
1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.（主语）
2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?
3.Youcantakeanything（that）youlike.（宾语）
4.Whatisthequestion（that/which）theyaretalkingabout?
5.Hereistheman（who/whom/that）youwanttosee.
6.She'
snolongerthegirl（that）sheusedtobebefore.（表语）
7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone（that）itusedtobe.
=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.
=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。
=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.
●which:
指物;
在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
如:
1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）
2.Thebook（which/that）Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）
3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.
4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表语）
5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）
6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.
●who,whom,whose:
who:
主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;
只可指人
whom:
宾格,在从句中作宾语;
whose:
属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主语）
Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.（代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.）
Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.（宾语）
He'
samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.
=He'
saman（whom/who/that）weshouldlearnfrom.
比较:
Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourpraise.
Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.
Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）
dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）
=I'
dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.
dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.
ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome
关系代词作介词宾语:
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.）
Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.
=Thisisthebook（that/which）youaskedfor.
DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?
=Doyouknowtheperson（whom/who/that）Ishookhandswith?
Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'
tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.（介词after与look构成固定词组,不可前置。
lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等）
●as的用法:
（as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语）
①如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;
thesameas;
such…as…;
asmany/muchas;
so…as等结构中。
※Ihavethesamebookasyou（have）.我有一本和你的一样的书。
Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.（关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.）
※.---Whydidn'
tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?
---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.
Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.
Don'
tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.
Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.
Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.
mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.
Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）
Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）
②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"
正如,这一点"
。
（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）
※Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.（as作宾语）
=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.（as作主语）
=It'
sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.
=Smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth,asweallknow.（as作宾语）
=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'
health.
※Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.（宾语,先行词是前面整个句子）
关系副词引导的定语从句:
●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
其先行词是表时间的名词（如:
time,day,week,year,month,etc.）
HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.
注意:
先行词为"
时间名词"
可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;
还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）
Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.
Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作宾语）
Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'
llspendinHarbin,I'
msure,willbeexciting.
IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.
Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.
●Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:
place,school,factory,room,etc.
ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.
Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.
先行词是"
地点名词"
定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。
※Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（作状语）
Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.
Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.
sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'
slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.
Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.
※Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）
Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.
●Why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
先行词为reason时,可用forwhich指代;
当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
Thereasonwhy/forwhich/（that）hedidn'
tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.
Idon'
tbelievethereason（that/which）hegaveme.（作宾语）
Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?
（作主语）
Ex.）Hewaslate.That'
sbecausehegotuplate.
.Hegotuplate.That'
swhyhewaslate.（表语从句）
（thereason）why/forwhichhewaslate.（定语从句）
当先行词为way时,定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导,that常可以省略。
way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。
但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语
时,则用which或that引导。
Thisistheway（that）/inwhichIdosuchthings.
Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
1.形式上,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2.语法上,非限制性定语从句一般不用that.
3.语义上,限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用,如果去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;
而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'
scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4.翻译时,限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"
的"
字结构）;
而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。
（见上句翻译）
Hehasasister,whoisamusician.
Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose;
关系副词when,where,why,etc.
1.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.
2.Tom'
sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.
3.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.
4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.
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