高考复习状语从句Word文件下载.docx
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状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。
在不同的语言中“状语”有不同的作用。
中文状语是动词或形容词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等;
德语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;
英语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。
二、复习预习
复习上一单元的知识点之后,以达到复习的效果。
然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目,再老师没有讲解的情况下,让学生独立思考,给出答案与解释,促进学生发现问题,同时老师也能发现学生的盲点,并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。
三、知识讲解
知识点1:
状语从句的分类及引导词
时间状语从句:
when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,instantly,directly
地点状语从句:
where,wherever
原因状语从句:
as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat,notthat…butthat
目的状语从句:
that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase
结果状语从句:
that,so…that,such…that
条件状语从句:
if,unless,suppose,supposing,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)
让步状语从句:
though,although,nomatter,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever
比较状语从句:
than,as
方式状语从句
as,asif,asthough
1【考查点】时间状语从句
1)when,while,as和whenever
when表时间点,时间段
while表时间段;
有“而”的意思
as“当……”,“一边……一边”,“随着……”
whenever每当,无论什么时候
Itiscoldwhenitsnows.
Whilethereislife,thereishope.
Whilewewerespeaking,hewasreadingnewspaper.
JustasMrsRichardswasenteringthedinning-room,therewasaknockonthefrontdoor.
Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughness,andpassionforreason.
随着年龄的增长,我们用力量换来了机敏,以速度换来了严谨,以热情换来了理智。
注:
a)when还可作并列连词,其意义为“那时,这时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。
常用于下列句式:
sb.wasdoingsth.when...某人正在干某事就在这时……
sb.wasaboutto/goingtodosth.when...某人正打算干某事就在这时……
sb.bodyhasjustdonesth.when...某人刚干了某事就在这时……
b)如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when,while与as可互换使用。
如:
When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.
before/after
Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.五年之后我们才能见面。
Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.
Afterherhusbandhadgonetowork,shesentherchildrentoschool.
2)until,till,not...until
肯定句:
主句的谓语是延续性动词,主从句均为肯定式,意为“某动作一直持续到某时间点才停止”
PleasewaituntilIcomeback.等我回来。
否定句:
主句的谓语是非延续性动作,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作一直到时间点才开始”
Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.
Till不可以用在句首,而until可以
UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.
3)not…until句型中的强调和倒装用法
ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.
NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaifit.
4)since从句谓语动词多用于一般过去时态,主句用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态
Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysincesheleftschool.
IhavewrittentoAlicefourtimessinceIcamehere.
Itis+一段时间+since从句的句型中,时间计算一律从since从句动作完成或状态结束时算起
Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.战争爆发以来,有三年了。
Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.她离开我们班有三年了。
5)assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment/minute/instant/second
nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely/barely…when…,“一……就”
6)once(一旦)
ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknowfatherwascoming.
DirectlyIhaddoneit,IknewIholdmadeamistake.
Theinstanthesawme,heranaway.
Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.
hardly/nosooner主句用过去完成时,when/than引导的从句用一般过去时,固定结构
Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.
7)bythetime到……时候;
到……之前(从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时)
each/everytime和thenexttime
BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.
Eachtimeshecame,Janebroughtmeanicebook.
2【考查点】地点状语从句where或wherever/anywhere/everywhere
Staywhereyouare.
Thephotoofminewastakenwherestoodthefamoushightower.
Whereveryougo,youcanseenewfactoriesandstories.
Everywhereyougo,youwillfindthesamething.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Plantswillgrowalmostanywherethereisplentyofair,waterandsunlight.
判断:
You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhavequestions.
You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhavequestions.
3【考查点】原因状语从句
1)because/as由于/for/since既然/nowthat/seeingthat/consideringthat…
because强调原因,是句子较重要的部分,在很多情况下,不能用since,for等替代。
Henrydidn’tgototheofficebecauseitwasraining.
Heresignedpartlybecausehewasoldandpartlybecausehewasboredwiththework.
Ididn’thelp,notbecauseIwasunwilling,butbecauseIwasunabletodoit.
2)as和since所提出的原因是已知的,或是句中不重要的部分,since较as稍正式一些
Ashisfatisinalargetown,hehasnogardenofhisown.
Sinceyoudon’ttrusthim,youshouldnotemployhim.
3)for,一种补充说明,而且for引导的句子不能放在句首,for是并列连词
Heseldomgoesoutnow,forheisveryold.
4)notthat…butthat...“不是因为……而是因为……”
It’snotthatI’mdissatisfied,butthatIhavemyownbusinesstoattendto.
5)inthat多出现主句之后;
seeingthat因为,鉴于;
consideringthat因为,考虑到
Ilikethisplace,butIlikemyhometownbetterinthatIhavemorefriendsthere.
Seeingthat/sincehewasthere,hemayhaveseenher.
Thatisexcusableconsidering/seeing(that)heissoyoung.
4【考查点】条状语从句
1)真实条件从句:
属性,习惯,推测,对未来的预测
Ifyouheatice,itmelts.
IfheisinLondon,heisundoubtedlystayingatthishotel.
Ifbusinessmenwanttoborrowmoney,theygotoseetheirbankmanagers.
Ifhebreakshispromise,she’llneverspeaktohimagain.
2)非真实条件句:
虚拟语气
3)ifonly引导状语从句,要用虚拟语气,“但愿,要……就好了”
IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.(对现在情况表示遗憾)
IfonlyIhadknownit,Iwouldn’thavetroubledhim.(对过去情况表示遗憾)
onlyif只有,用陈述语气
You’llsucceedonlyifyouputallyourheartintoit.
4)provided/providing(that)“在……条件下”,“要是”,“以……为条件”
oncondition(that)
underthecondition(that)
suppose/supposing(that)“假定”,主句多是疑问句
granted/granting(that)“假定…….”,“就算是”,有浓厚的让步意义,可意为“姑且”
giventhat…“假设”主要强调以假定的方式提出前提条件。
Iwillcomeproviding(that)Iamwellenough.
Iwillgothereontheconditionthatyouaccompanyme.
Supposinghecan’tcome,whowilldothework?
Grantedthatyouhavemadesomeprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.
Giventhatthisistrue,whatshouldwedo?
5)as/solongas…“只要”重点在于时间的延续性,从句可用现在时表将来。
Youmayborrowthisbookaslongasyoukeepitclean.
6)unless“除非”,相当于“if…not…”,引导的从句不能用否定式
Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.
5【考查点】方式状语从句as“如,像”;
asif=asthough“好像,仿佛……似的”
Iliveasothersdo.
Helooksasifheisangry.
6【考查点】让步状语从句
1)though,although,while,whereas,evenif,eventhough“虽然,尽管”
Though和although两者意思相同,一般可互换使用,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。
Though/Althoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.
ThoughIbelieveit,yetImustconsider.
WhileIlikethestyleofthehat,Idon’tlikeitscolor.强调对比和差异
HethoughtIwaslying,whereasIwastellingthetruth.
EventhoughIwerestarving,Iwouldnotaskafavorofhim.
“即使”,有一种假想的可能性或推测,所以用虚拟语气
2)whether…ornot“不管……”
Whetherhecomesornot,theresultswillbethesame.
3)whatever=nomatterwhat,whichever=nomatterwhich
Whoever,whomever,whosever,whenever,wherever,however
Staycalmwhateverhappens.
Wheneverhecomes,hebringsussomeparents.
Whicheversidewins,Ishallbesatisfied.
4)as,though,that(as引导的让步状语从句需要倒装)
Poorthoughheis,heisgenerous.
Childthathewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
Strangeasthisbehaviormaybe,thereisaverygoodreasonforit.
Tryashewill,heneverseemsabletosucceed.
7【考查点】结果状语从句
so+adj./adv.+.that从句
so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
somany/few/much/little+名词+that从句
such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句
such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
such+alotof/lotsof+名词+that从句
Thewindwassostrongthathewouldhardlymoveforward.
Wehavesuchdifficultproblemsthatnoonewouldliketosolve.
Heissuchalovelychildthateverybodyloveshim.
Hegavemesolittletimethatitwasimpossibleformetofinishtheworkontime.
Therearesomanypicture-storybooksthattheboywon’tleave.
sothat
Heworkshardeveryday,sothathegetsthefirstprizeinclass.
注意:
当so或such置于句首,主句要用倒装语序。
Socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.
8【考查点】目的状语从句
sothat,inorderthat,totheendthat
Isteppedasidesothathewouldgoin.
lest,incase“免得,以免”;
forfearthat,生怕
Shetooktheumbrellalestit(should)rain.
Thereissomemoneyincaseyouneedit.
Marydidn’twantgetoutofbedforfearthatshemightwakeherbabyup.
9【考查点】比较状语从句
as…as,notas/so…as,thesame…as,such…as和……一样
more…than…,less…than…,
the+比较级,the+比较级,
Thissuggestionisasgoodasthatone.
TomisasgoodastudentasJack=TomissuchagoodstudentasJack.
Thesooner,thebetter.
Morehaste,lessspeed.
在比较级中要,注意比较的对象要一致
TheweatherinShanghaiishotterthanthatinBeijing.
Thestudentsinmyclassaremorethanthoseinyours.
表达倍数,可用三种形式
Thisbuildingisoncetallerthanthatone.
Thisbuildingistwiceastallasthatone.
Thisbuildingistwicetheheightofthatone.
知识点2:
状语从句中的紧缩现象
1【考查点】时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式:
Don’tspeakuntilspokento有人对你说话时你才说。
Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦被看见,它便不会被忘记。
WhileinBeijing,IpaidavisittotheSummerPlace.在北京时,我参观了颐和园。
Pressurecanbereducedwhenneeded.必要时压力非唯心减。
Iprefermymilkalittlesweetwheneverpossible.
可能的话,我喜欢牛奶甜点。
Hewasaswimmerwhenachild.他小时侯就是一名游泳运动员。
Shealwayssingswhiledoingherwork.她干活时总唱歌。
2【考查点】条件状语从句中常见的紧缩形式:
Cometomorrowifpossible.可能的话就明天来吧
Ifso,youmustgetbackandgetit.如果这样的话,你必需把它拿来。
I’llbuyaTVsetifnecessary.如有必要我们就买一台电视机。
Hehasnomoney,ifany,hewillgiveus.他没有钱,如果有他会给我们的。
Ifinneed,don’thesitatetoaskmeformoney.
如要钱,不必犹豫,向我要就是了。
Thegirlnevergiveinunlesswrong.这女孩不会屈服的,除非她错了。
Unlessrepaired,themachineisofnouse.这台机器如不修便毫无用处。
3【考查点】方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式:
Someflowersshutupatnightasif(theydidthisinorder)toslee