学年高二英语人教版必修8单元过关检测二 Word版含答案Word文档格式.docx
《学年高二英语人教版必修8单元过关检测二 Word版含答案Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《学年高二英语人教版必修8单元过关检测二 Word版含答案Word文档格式.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Notwofaceslookexactlyalike,makingahumanfaceasuniqueasafingerprint.Genetics（遗传学）obviouslyplayamajorrole—notwofacessharethesameDNA.Buteveninidenticaltwins,therearestillsmalldifferencesintheirappearances.Sowhatisitthatmakeseachfacedifferent?
TheanswerliesinasmallpieceofyourDNAcalleda“geneenhancer”，accordingtoastudypublishedinScience.“Therearethousandsofenhancersinthehumangenome，”studyleaderAxelVisel，aresearcherwithBerkeleyLab.US.toldDiscovery.
AccordingtoVisel,theseDNApiecesactlikeswitches,turninggenesonandoffandthereforedeterminingwhetheracertainfacialfeaturedevelopsinafetus（胎儿）whileitisstillinthewomb（子宫）．
What’sinterestingaboutgeneenhancersisthattheydon’thavetobefoundanywhereclosetothegenestheyaffect.Theyareabletocontroltheirtargetsfromfaraway,whichmakesthemevenmoreinfluential.
TotesthowpowerfulthesespecialDNApiecesareinshapingtheface，researchersdeletedthreeofthegeneenhancersinmiceandcomparedthemwithnormalmiceat8weeksofage.Theresultsshowedthateachenhancerdeletioncausedadistinctsetofdifferencesintheshapeoftheface—forexample,causinganincreaseordecreaseinfaciallengthorwidth.
Infact,scientistsfirstnoticedtheexistenceofgeneenhancerslongago,buttheycalledthem“junkDNA”backthenbecausetheydidn’tproduceproteinsandwerethoughttohavenobiologicalfunction.Butnow“it’sincreasinglyclearthatimportantfunctionsareembeddedinthisjunk”ViseltoldNewScientist.
Understandingthismayhelpscientistslearnwhyandhowthingsgowrongasafetusdevelops,leadingtofacialbirthdefects（缺陷）suchascleftlips.Maybegeneenhancersalsoplayarole.
【语篇解读】 为何每个人都长得不一样？
文章介绍了科学家们研究基因对于人们长相的影响的实验，解释了这一个问题。
1．WhatdidVisel’srecentstudyuncover?
A．Howgeneenhancershelpshapetheappearanceoftheface.
B．Howgeneenhancersaffectthegrowthofthefetus.
C．Anewcureforfacialbirthdefects.
D．Theconnectionbetweengeneenhancersandgeneticmutations（变异）．
解析：
选A。
主旨大意题。
本文主要回答的是第二段提出的问题：
Sowhatisitthatmakeseachfacedifferent？
研究发现，这主要是基因增强子的功劳，所以答案是A项。
2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“embed”probablymean?
A．Root. B．Find.
C．Absorb.D．Research.
词义猜测题。
根据上下文可知这句话的意思是：
现在事实越来越清楚的显示出重要的功能就扎根于这种junkDNA中。
embed和root的意思相近。
故选A项。
3．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A．GeneEnhancersAffectsBirthDefects
B．FacingGeneEnhancers
C．ThePowerofDNAPieces
D．GeneEnhancersDeterminesYourPersonalities
选B。
标题归纳题。
根据文章大意，作者主要是想介绍geneenhancer和人类面貌不同之间的关系。
所以较为合适的题目是B项。
B
湖南十三校高三第一次联考）Sometimespeoplecalleachother“freaked cat”，buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutthisexpression?
Whenacatisfrightened,itsheartstartsbeatingfaster,itsmusclesgettense,andtherearechangesinthechemicalsinitsbloodstream.Althoughthecatdoesn’trealizethis,itsbodyisgettingreadyforaction.Ifthedangercontinues,theanimalwilldooneoftwothings.Itwilldefenditself，oritwillrunawayasfastasitcan.
Somethinglikethisalsohappenstopeople.Whenweareexcited，angry,scared,orarousedbyotheremotions（feelings）,ourbodiesgothroughmanyphysicalchanges.Ourheartsbeatfaster,andourmusclesgettense.Allofthesechangesmakeusmorealertandreadytoreact.We,too，getreadytodefendourselvesorrun.
Humanbeings,however,haveaproblemthatanimalsneverface.Ifwegivewaytoourfeelingsandletthemtakeover,wecangetintotrouble.Haveyoueversaidsomethinginanger—orhitsomebody—andregretteditlater?
Haveyouevershoutedatateacher，toldsomebodyyouwerelonely,orsaidyouwereinlove,andthenwishedlateryouhadkeptyourmouthshut?
Itisn’talwaysclevertoexpressyourfeelingsfreely.
Doesthismeanthatit’ssmarteralwaystohideourfeelings?
No!
Ifyoukeepfeelingsofanger,sadness,andbitternesshiddenawayorbottledupinside,yourbodystaystense.Physicalillnesscandevelop.Itcanactuallybebadforyourhealth.（Itisn’tgoodtokeeppleasantfeelingsinsideeither；
allfeelingsneedtobeexpressed.）
Feelingsthatyoukeepallbottledupinsidedon’tjustgoaway.It’sasifyouboughtsomebananasandstucktheminacupboard.Youmightnotbeabletoseethem，butbeforelongyou’dsmellthem.Andifyouopenedthecupboard，chancesarethatyou’dseelittlefruitfliesflyingalloverthem.They’dberotten.
Youcantrytotreatemotionsasiftheywerebananasinthecupboard.Youcanhidethemandyoucanpretendtheydon’texist，butthey’llstillbearound.Andatlastyou’llhavetodealwiththem，justlikethosebananas.
【语篇解读】 本文主要用一只猫引出话题。
人类把好的情绪或者坏的情绪藏在心里对身体没有好处。
所有的情绪都需要表达。
4．Thebesttitleforthisarticleis________．
A．EmotionsAffectOurBodies
B．WhatHappenstoAFrightenedCat
C．WhatHappenstoAnExcitedPerson
D．FeelingsThatPeopleHave
本文主要介绍了情绪对我们身体的影响。
随时表露自己的真实情感并不合适，但是总是把不良情绪压抑在心中害处更大。
故本题选A项。
5．Whatdoestheword“freaked”meaninthefirstsentence?
A．Excited.B．Scared.
C．Angry.D．Shocked.
从下文的Whenacatisfrightened，itsheartstartsbeatingfaster，itsmusclesgettense，andtherearechangesinthechemicalsinitsbloodstream.可知，这是指一只害怕的猫的表现。
6．Ifyouholdinyourfeelings，________．
A．graduallythey’lldisappear
B．theywon’texistanymore
C．theywillflyallover
D．yourbodystaystense
选D。
细节理解题。
从第五段的Ifyoukeepfeelingsofanger，sadness，andbitternesshiddenawayorbottledupinside，yourbodystaystense.可知答案。
7．Theauthorwrotethisarticleinorderto________．
A．tellusthatitisn’tgoodtokeepfeelingsinside
B．giveussomeadviceonhowtoexpressourfeelings
C．makeusfacetheproblemthatwehavetodealwithfeelings
D．makeusknowthatitisn’talwayswisetoexpressourfeelingsfreely
推理判断题。
文章的最后三段说的是不论好的情绪还是坏的情绪，都不能一直憋在心里，这样对身体很不好，也不是解决问题的办法。
故A项为本题答案。
C
HaveyoueverheardofFloridapompano？
It’saflat,silveryfishandverydelicious!
Infact,peoplewhoknowalotaboutfishsayit’soneofthebesttastingkindsoffishintheworldtoeat.Maybethat’sonereasonwhyitcostssomuchtobuypompano（鲳参鱼）atthefishmarketoratarestaurant.
AgriculturalResearchServicescientistsinFloridaarediscoveringmanynewandimportantsecretsaboutthistastyfish.ItlivesinthewarmwatersofftheAtlanticandGulfcoasts.
Thescientistsarestudyingpompano.Becausetheywantfishfarmerstobeabletogrowtheminbigtanks,somewhatthesamewaytroutandcatfisharegrowninbigoutdoorponds.
Raisingpompanoinbigtanksinlandcouldhelpeveryonebesurethattherewillalwaysbelotsofwildpompanointhesea.Peoplecouldbuythemfromthefishfarminsteadofmostlyonlybeingabletobuypompanocaughtfromthesea.
Sometimes,ifafishistoopopular,aproblemcalled“overfishing”canhappen.Thefishcouldbecomeharderandhardertofindintheocean.Thefishmightevendisappearcompletely.
Thetroublewithpompanoisthatnoonereallyknowsverymuchabouthowtogrowbig,healthypompanoinbigtanksatafishfarm.
That’swhyscientistsaretryingtolearnasmuchastheycanaboutpompano.Maybesomedaysoonitwillbeeasytobuyandeatpompanoraisedatfishfarms,insteadofpompanofishedfromthesea.Whenthathappens,youmayrememberthisstoryaboutthesescientistswhohelpedfindouthowtoraisedeliciouspompanoinanew，Earthfriendlyway.
【语篇解读】 本文是关于鲳参鱼的人工养殖问题。
8．Pompanocostssomuchtobuymaybebecause________．
A．itremainsasecretforthescientists
B．itcannotberaisedinbigtanksinland
C．it’sthebest tastingkindsoffishintheworld
D．itliveswarmlyofftheAtlanticandGulfcoasts
根据题干中“costssomuchtobuy”定位到第一段的最后一句。
得知其中一个原因可能是pompano是最好吃的鱼“之一”，可知C错。
因此答案只能在后文，答案A、D都是文中的事实，但是却不是造成鱼贵的原因。
而无法进行人工养殖最有可能造成鱼贵，故B为最佳答案。
其中D的干扰性可能比较大。
9．Paragraph4mainlytellsusraisingpompanoatfishfarms________．
A．makesiteasiertobuyandeatthepompano
B．preventspeoplecatchingpompanofromthesea
C．stopspeoplebuyingpompanocaughtfromthesea
D．helpsmakesurewildpompanowillremaininthesea
段落大意题。
本段主要说明人工养殖pompano的必要性，它可以方便人们购买，但最重要的是它可以避免因过度捕捞而灭绝。
根据insteadof可知后文才是重点，故A所描述的只是事实细节。
10．Theword“overfishing”inparagraph5means________．
A．过度捕捞B．太受欢迎
C．完全消失D．难以搜寻
思路1：
根据aproblemcalledoverfishing可知overfishing是一种问题，它会导致鱼类大量减少，甚至彻底消失。
思路2：
over表示比较程度差别关系是意为“超过，过度，太”：
fish是捕鱼，人类的行为。
11．Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“________”．
A．Pompano:
thetastyfish
B．Secretsofthebigfish
C．Achallenge:
growingthebigfish
D．Thewayofraisingthebigfish
选C。
综合全文可知从第三段起直到文章结束都在讲述这种鱼的人工养殖问题。
D
Whenitcomestoartificialcloning，therearethreedifferenttypes：
genecloning,reproductivecloningandtherapeuticcloning.
GenecloningproducescopiesofgenesorsegmentsofDNA.Reproductivecloningproducescopiesofwholeanimals.Therapeuticcloningproducesembryonicstemcellsforexperimentsaimedatcreatingtissuestoreplaceinjuredordiseasedtissues.
Genecloning,alsoknownasDNAcloning,isaverydifferentprocessfromreproductiveandtherapeuticcloning.Reproductiveandtherapeuticcloningsharemanyofthesametechniques,butaredonefordifferentpurposes.
Genecloningisacarefullyregulatedtechniquethatislargelyacceptedtodayandusedroutinelyinmanylabsworldwide.However，bothreproductiveandtherapeuticcloningraiseimportantethicalissues，especiallyasrelatedtothepotentialuseofthesetechniquesinhumans.
Reproductivecloningwoul
升级会员 