GMAT机经阅读复习资料Word文档格式.docx
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八、反垄断法促进多元化【考古确认】2
九、大脑在晚上干什么的.[考古确认]2
十、美国网店.【并入十三.商场】2
十一、美国女性参加工作[考古]2
十二、monarchbutterfly的迁徙问题[已考古确认]2
十三、商场[考古已确认]2
十四、古希腊妇女对农业的贡献【考古确认】2
十五、人类去火星[考古]2
十六、印第安人2
十七、Benchmark[考古]2
十八、Advertisement[考古已确认]2
十九、美国护士短缺问题[已考古确认]2
二十、Renovationtechonology[考古已确认]2
二十一、Ozone【考古确认】2
二十二、非商标药[考古]2
二十三、公司teardown的作用[考古]2
二十四、温室效应[考古确认]2
二十五、星星温度2
二十六、American-MexicanCommunityCulture【考古确认】2
二十七、servicefirm和nonservicefirm【考古确认】2
二十八、customerloyalty[考古确认]2
二十九、songbird[考古确认]2
三十、top-down的管理模式【考古确认】2
三十一、反驳经济现象【考古确认】2
三十二、北美和欧洲的树的生长[考古]2
三十三、Wetland【考古确认】2
三十四、投资方式【考古确认】2
三十五、coflowerfacilitate传粉【考古】2
三十六、中国和英国工业化【考古】2
三十七、公司税率与工资关系『考古确认』2
三十八、废品回收2
三十九、蚂蚁巢穴[考古确认]2
四十、aspentree【考古确认】2
四十一、制造外包[考古]2
【考古确认】
V1.cheesezz
1995年有一个专利法案,为了更好保护专利拥有者。
但事实却不是这样的(没弄很懂原因)。
2006年出了个新的法案,更为保守。
考古:
V1by周游ing
个关于专利保护法案的,就一个F法案通过了以后怎样怎样保护专利所有人,但是说这个法案不利于法官判,后来又有个什么T法案通过了,就先缩小了到法庭打官司的范围,然后judges就很高兴。
(大致意思吧,里面比较绕)
V2bycc1990740
最后一篇是说美国1995年和2006年的两个关于trademark还是patent的保护法。
问题有主旨,还有一个是问法官为什么比较喜欢其中一个法。
文中有说到其中一个法更保守,能先剔除一些case,选项里也有这个。
现在能想到的就先这些啦...要能再想到再补充~
V3bylynnfordream
鸡精里面的那个trademark,的确是有问法官为嘛更喜欢另外一个法。
貌似还有第一段有两句话被highlight,然后问两句话是什么关系。
V4by小右twister700+
美国有一个保护trademark的政策,有severalprovisions,但是这些provisions在具体法律执行的过程中遇到了一些问题,然后说了下法官在遇到这些问题时候所采取的态度
V5by慕小蕾700+
第一段说1995年提出了个什么法来干什么。
第二段说2006年又提出了个什么法,这个法使判断范围更小(有题)
(没时间了。
。
这篇差不多一通乱选的。
)
V6byjimmyzhang2012710
第一篇是讲专利保护的机经,考了三题但我不确定答案是否对特别是文章最后一段最后一句,是说很多公司喜欢新的2006那个法是因为新的法filter掉很多不合适的case,剩下的能打官司的基本都能打赢.但问题问的是judge为什么喜欢新的法,我是在第二段后半段而不是最后一段找的对应,认为新的法有goodpublicsth.(对应原文提到旧法的poorpublicsth),但我不确定是否正确
V7byasoka123720
1965那个旧法更宽松,公司能以各种理由提起诉讼,2006的新法范围要小,主旨题貌似应该是1965-2006年的patent法律变化,另一题问公司为什么都不喜欢旧法,应该是选大部分公司成为被告的官司要比做原告的官司多(感觉像做洛基)
二、关于AfricanAmerican+女权.【考古已确认】
B女士很多功绩被认可。
但她作为民权(or女权)的努力没得到recognize,因为以前对政治运动家的定义是在此类机构工作。
近年开始一些女权主义者建议重新定义政治运动家云云.
V2:
sarahfighting
另一篇,是讲得关于女权的,关键词是feministhistorianredefinitpoliticalactivity好像是,就是讲得一个女权主义者做了很多事情,但是一直没有被大家认为是政治家,就说原因是学者对politicalactivity的定义,说原来是要参加majorvoting什么的,....blblalba
V3:
mycrofthall
P1:
好像是黑人妇女(忘了是不是黑人了……)争取Justice做了很多工作,包括government..,articles,schools…做了很多,此处有道题问哪一项不是她做的,卤煮选了law。
但她做了这么多却不被历史学家认可,因为gender问题,还有一个什么来着忘了(⊙o⊙)(此处有考题)
P2:
后来很多女性也开始开展活动……唉这篇做的好残,后来第二段差不多都忘了。
V4:
popup
有一篇就是那个黑人妇女,说B那个人虽然有很多功绩,但是她为女权的努力一直没有得到认可、这是因为过去政治家定义政治运动必须是在此类机构中工作的人才能领导的。
第二段是说近年来女权主义者建议重新定义政治运动家。
认为一个人只要对人类有贡献的,推动人权发展的就可以被认为是政治家..之后有四道题,有一个题目是问B女士属于下面哪个类型的..好像有个选项是说她是没有创立任何政党的政治家。
好像这个选项是对的..
考古:
黑人妇女
Inmanyways,MaryJaneMcLeodBethune'
slifewasrepresentativeofthelivesofmanyAfricanAmericanwomenofhertime:
shewasdeeplygroundedinreligionandfamily,andintenselycommittedtoracialadvancement.Yet,BethunebecameoneofthemostimportantAfricanAmericanwomeninAmericanpoliticalhistory.Shecametooccupyaprominentplaceamongaselectgroupofblackmenandwomendesignatedas“raceleaders”—menandwomenwhodevotedtheirlivestoadvancingAfricanAmericanequality.Theybecamethepublicvoiceofthevoicelessmasses,speakingofthecollectiveidentityofpeopleofcolorandarguingforequalsocial,economic,andpoliticalrights.BethunewascertainlyapivotalmemberofthisgroupashereffortsadvancedequalopportunityforblackAmericansonalllevelsfornearlyhalfacentury.Yet,Bethunedistinguishedherselffromotherraceleadersbysteadfastlyincorporatingthestruggleforgenderequalitywithinhereffortsforblackequality.Byadvocatingandtrainingblackwomenforvisibleandincreasingpublicleadershiproles,sheensuredanexpandingroleforAfricanAmericanwomenintheformalpoliticalrealm.Shebelievedthiswouldautomaticallyleadtoadvancementfortheentirerace,asblackwomenthenweremoreinclinedthanblackmentousepublicpositionsforgroupadvancement.
Bethune'
sexposuretostrong,independentfemalerolemodelsallowedhertodevelopherunwaveringbeliefintheprimaryresponsibilityofblackwomenforsustainingtherace.Hergrandmother,mother,andfemaleteachersdemonstratedhowblackwomenwhoembraced“alargerappreciationforgoodcitizenship,cleanliness,beauty,thoughtfulness”couldleadAfricanAmericansas“themothersoftherace,thehomemakersandspiritualguides.”BethunebelievedAfricanAmericanwomenhadanobligationtounderstandtheseresponsibilitiesandusetheirstatustofightforequality.Shepubliclyendorsedthenotionofwomen'
shighermoralcapacity,recognizedtheimportantcontributionwomencouldmaketoracialuplift,andcontinuallyworkedtoexpandwomen'
srolestowardthatend.Bethunewasatrulymultifacetedandmultidimensionalracewoman.Shefoughtonavarietyoflevelsandusedmultipleoutlets—education,government,andwomen'
sassociations—inherquestforamorejustsociety.Someblackwomenleadersbeforehergainedmorerecognitionthansheachievedinherlifetime,butnonebeforeher,andfewafterwards,weremoreeffectiveindevelopingwomen'
sleadershipforthecauseofracialjustice.
Despitehermultiplepoliticalactivities,Bethunehasnotbeenrecognizedasablackpoliticalleader.Thisisattributableinlargeparttothetraditionaldefinitionofpoliticalactivityusedbymanyhistoriansandpoliticalscientists:
politicalactivityencompassestheactionsofindividuallyelectedofficialsandtheworkingsofgovernment.Italsorestsuponaconventionallyacceptedandgender-biasedideaofaleaderasa“spokesman”,andofpoliticsasvoting,electioneering,andofficeholding.Thistraditionalresearchdefineswomen'
spoliticalparticipationasatypical,seeingwomenasinadequatelysocializedintothepoliticalprocess.Ittieswomen'
spoliticalactivismtotheirsocialrolesaswivesandmothers.WomensuchasBethunewhoenteredthepublicarenaandfoughtforsubstantivereformwhileremaininggroundedinnetworksofkin,church,andcommunitywereleftoutofpoliticalhistory.Asfeministhistorianshavebecomemoreinterestedinpoliticalhistory,theyhaveworkedtoredefinepoliticsasany“activity[that]includesallcommunityworkwhichisorientedtochangethroughmultifacetedgoalsincludingservice,support,publiceducationandadvocacy.Politicalorientation[isadapted]tochangingthepublicagendathroughplannedandimplementedactions.”Empowermentisanimportantpartofwomen'
spoliticizationandbeginswhenwomen“changetheirideasaboutthecausesoftheirpowerlessness,whentheyrecognizethesystematicforcesthatoppressthem,andwhentheyacttochangetheconditionsoftheirlives.Usingthisdefinition,blackwomenwhoworkedthroughvoluntaryassociationsandcommunityorganizationsbecamepoliticalleadersbecausetheybroughtparticularissuestotheattentionofpoliticiansandthepublic.TheyfoughtforequalopportunityforAfricanAmericanmenandwomenatatimewhenAmericahadneitherthewillnorthedesiretomakeacommitmenttoracialorsexualequality.Bethuneisonesuchwomanwhodeservesrecognitionasapoliticalleaderbaseduponthedepthandbreadthofherpoliticalactivities.
However,eventhefewhistorianswhohavegivenpassingattentiontoBethune'
spoliticalaccomplishmentshavemisinterpretedthemeans,techniques,andactionssheemployedinpursuingequality.Whenexaminedindividually,thechoicesshemadethroughoutherlifetimeoftenappearcontradictory,unlessweunderstandthatBethunehadonefootinthenineteenthcenturyandoneinthetwentieth.Shewasatransitionalfigure.Initiallygroundedinthenineteenth-centurybeliefthatadvancementwouldcomethroughchangingindividualbehavior,BethuneinthetwentiethcenturyquicklyrecognizedthatinequalitywasdeeplyrootedinAmericaninstitutions.ShebegantoseethatthefocalpointforAfricanAmericansshouldnolongerbeonchangingindividualattitudesandbehaviors,butratheronchangingsocial,economic,andpoliticalinstitutionsthatshapedcollectiveopinions.Sheworkeddiligentlytotransformlocalcommunitygroupsintopoliticalpowerbasesandpromotedtheformationofanationalcoalitionthatwouldworktoaltersocial,economic,andpoliticalinstitutions.Intheseefforts,sheusedtwoconceptuallydistinctlevelsofactivism.Insomeinstances,
Bethunebasedheractivismoninformalpoliticalactivitiesthatweredistinctlynonconfrontationalanddesignedtoquietlyundermineracialandgenderstereotypes.Yet,whendealingwithegregiousincidentsinvolvinginstitutionalinequality,BethuneoftenengagedinovertlyformalpoliticalactionthatpubliclychallengedthebasicprinciplesoftheAmericandemocraticsystem.Sheastutelygaugedheractivismtofittheparticularcircumstances.AndnomatterwhichcourseBethunedecidedtopursue,shesoughtapeaceful,yetpolitical,meanstoachievesocial,economic,andpoliticaljustice.
MaryJaneMcLeodBethunewasbornonJuly10,1875,inMayesville,SouthCarolina,thefifteenthofseventeenchildrenborntoSamuelandPatsyMcLeod.Shewaseducatedatthelocalmissionaryschool,thenreceivedscholarshipsfromaQuakerdressmakerthatenabledhertoattendScotiaSeminaryandMoodyBibleInstitute.Between1895and1903,shetaughtatanumberofsmallmissionaryschoolsthroughouttheSouth,includingHaine'
sInstituteinAugusta,Georgia.In1898,shemetandmarriedAlbertusBethuneandin1899gavebirthtoheronlychild,AlbertMcLeodBethune.In1904,shetraveledtoDaytonaB