GMAT机经阅读复习资料Word文档格式.docx

1、八、 反垄断法促进多元化 【考古确认】 2九、 大脑在晚上干什么的. 考古确认 2十、 美国网店. 【并入十三.商场】 2十一、 美国女性参加工作 考古 2十二、 monarch butterfly的迁徙问题 已考古确认 2十三、 商场 考古已确认 2十四、 古希腊妇女对农业的贡献 【考古确认】 2十五、 人类去火星 考古 2十六、 印第安人 2十七、 Benchmark 考古 2十八、 Advertisement 考古已确认 2十九、 美国护士短缺问题 已考古确认 2二十、 Renovation techonology 考古已确认 2二十一、 Ozone 【考古确认】 2二十二、 非商标药

2、考古 2二十三、 公司teardown 的作用 考古 2二十四、 温室效应 考古确认 2二十五、 星星温度 2二十六、 American - Mexican Community Culture 【考古确认】 2二十七、 service firm和nonservice firm 【考古确认】 2二十八、 customer loyalty 考古确认 2二十九、 songbird 考古确认 2三十、 top-down的管理模式 【考古确认】 2三十一、 反驳经济现象 【考古确认】 2三十二、 北美和欧洲的树的生长 考古 2三十三、 Wetland 【考古确认】 2三十四、 投资方式 【考古确认】 2

3、三十五、 coflower facilitate 传粉 【考古】 2三十六、 中国和英国工业化 【考古】 2三十七、 公司税率与工资关系 考古确认 2三十八、 废品回收 2三十九、 蚂蚁巢穴 考古确认 2四十、 aspen tree【考古确认】 2四十一、 制造外包 考古 2【考古确认】V1. cheesezz1995年有一个专利法案，为了更好保护专利拥有者。但事实却不是这样的（没弄很懂原因）。2006年出了个新的法案，更为保守。考古: V1 by周游ing 个关于专利保护法案的,就一个F法案通过了以后怎样怎样保护专利所 有人,但是说这个法案不利于法官判,后来又有个什么T法案通过了,就先缩小

4、了到法庭打官司的范围,然后judges就很高兴。（大致意思吧,里面比较绕） V2 by cc1990 740 最后一篇是说美国1995年和2006年的两个关于trademark还是patent的保 护法。问题有主旨,还有一个是问法官为什么比较喜欢其中一个法。文中有说 到其中一个法更保守,能先剔除一些case,选项里也有这个。现在能想到的就 先这些啦.要能再想到再补充V3 by lynnfordream 鸡精里面的那个trademark,的确是有问法官为嘛更喜欢另外一个法。貌似还有第一段有两句话被highlight,然后问两句话是什么关系。 V4 by 小右twister 700+美国有一个保护

5、trademark的政策,有several provisions,但是这些 provisions在具体法律执行的过程中遇到了一些问题,然后说了下法官在遇到这 些问题时候所采取的态度 V5 by 慕小蕾 700+ 第一段说1995年提出了个什么法来干什么。 第二段说2006年又提出了个什么法,这个法使判断范围更小（有题） （没时间了。这篇差不多一通乱选的。） V6 by jimmyzhang2012 710第一篇是讲专利保护的机经, 考了三题 但我不确定答案是否对 特别是 文章最后一段最后一句, 是说很多公司喜欢新的2006那个法是因为新的法filter掉 很多不合适的case, 剩下的能打官司

6、的基本都能打赢. 但问题问的是judge 为什么 喜欢新的法, 我是在第二段后半段而不是最后一段找的对应, 认为新的法有good public sth. （对应原文提到旧法的 poor public sth）, 但我不确定是否正确 V7 by asoka123 720 1965那个旧法更宽松,公司能以各种理由提起诉讼,2006的新法范围要 小,主旨题貌似应该是1965-2006年的patent法律变化,另一题问公司为什么都不喜欢旧法,应该是选大部分公司成为被告的官司要比做原告的官司多（感觉像 做洛基）二、 关于African American+女权. 【考古已确认】B女士很多功绩被认可。但她作

7、为民权（or女权）的努力没得到recognize，因为以前对政治运动家的定义是在此类机构工作。近年开始一些女权主义者建议重新定义政治运动家云云.V2: sarahfighting另一篇，是讲得关于女权的，关键词是feminist historian redefinit political activity好像是，就是讲得一个女权主义者做了很多事情，但是一直没有被大家认为是政治家，就说原因是学者对political activity的定义，说原来是要参加major voting什么的，.blblalbaV3: mycrofthallP1：好像是黑人妇女（忘了是不是黑人了）争取Justice做了很

8、多工作，包括government., articles, schools做了很多，此处有道题问哪一项不是她做的，卤煮选了law。但她做了这么多却不被历史学家认可，因为gender问题，还有一个什么来着忘了（ o ）（此处有考题）P2：后来很多女性也开始开展活动唉这篇做的好残，后来第二段差不多都忘了。V4：popup有一篇就是那个黑人妇女，说B那个人虽然有很多功绩，但是她为女权的努力一直没有得到认可、这是因为过去政治家定义政治运动必须是在此类机构中工作的人才能领导的。 第二段是说近年来女权主义者建议重新定义政治运动家。认为一个人只要对人类有贡献的，推动人权发展的就可以被认为是政治家. 之后有四道

9、题，有一个题目是问B女士属于下面哪个类型的.好像有个选项是说她是没有创立任何政党的政治家。好像这个选项是对的. 考古：黑人妇女In many ways, Mary Jane McLeod Bethunes life was representative of the lives of many African American women of her time: she was deeply grounded in religion and family, and intensely committed to racial advancement. Yet, Bethune became o

10、ne of the most important African American women in American political history. She came to occupy a prominent place among a select group of black men and women designated as “race leaders”men and women who devoted their lives to advancing African American equality. They became the public voice of th

11、e voiceless masses, speaking of the collective identity of people of color and arguing for equal social, economic, and political rights. Bethune was certainly a pivotal member of this group as her efforts advanced equal opportunity for black Americans on all levels for nearly half a century. Yet, Be

12、thune distinguished herself from other race leaders by steadfastly incorporating the struggle for gender equality within her efforts for black equality. By advocating and training black women for visible and increasing public leadership roles, she ensured an expanding role for African American women

13、 in the formal political realm. She believed this would automatically lead to advancement for the entire race, as black women then were more inclined than black men to use public positions for group advancement.Bethunes exposure to strong, independent female role models allowed her to develop her un

14、wavering belief in the primary responsibility of black women for sustaining the race. Her grandmother, mother, and female teachers demonstrated how black women who embraced “a larger appreciation for good citizenship, cleanliness, beauty, thoughtfulness” could lead African Americans as “the mothers

15、of the race, the homemakers and spiritual guides.” Bethune believed African American women had an obligation to understand these responsibilities and use their status to fight for equality. She publicly endorsed the notion of womens higher moral capacity, recognized the important contribution women

16、could make to racial uplift, and continually worked to expand womens roles toward that end. Bethune was a truly multifaceted and multidimensional race woman. She fought on a variety of levels and used multiple outletseducation, government, and womens associationsin her quest for a more just society.

17、 Some black women leaders before her gained more recognition than she achieved in her lifetime, but none before her, and few afterwards, were more effective in developing womens leadership for the cause of racial justice. Despite her multiple political activities, Bethune has not been recognized as

18、a black political leader. This is attributable in large part to the traditional definition of political activity used by many historians and political scientists: political activity encompasses the actions of individually elected officials and the workings of government. It also rests upon a convent

19、ionally accepted and gender-biased idea of a leader as a “spokesman”, and of politics as voting, electioneering, and office holding. This traditional research defines womens political participation as atypical, seeing women as inadequately socialized into the political process. It ties womens politi

20、cal activism to their social roles as wives and mothers. Women such as Bethune who entered the public arena and fought for substantive reform while remaining grounded in networks of kin, church, and community were left out of political history. As feminist historians have become more interested in p

21、olitical history, they have worked to redefine politics as any “activity that includes all community work which is oriented to change through multifaceted goals including service, support, public education and advocacy. Political orientation is adapted to changing the public agenda through planned a

22、nd implemented actions.” Empowerment is an important part of womens politicization and begins when women “change their ideas about the causes of their powerlessness, when they recognize the systematic forces that oppress them, and when they act to change the conditions of their lives. Using this def

23、inition, black women who worked through voluntary associations and community organizations became political leaders because they brought particular issues to the attention of politicians and the public. They fought for equal opportunity for African American men and women at a time when America had n

24、either the will nor the desire to make a commitment to racial or sexual equality. Bethune is one such woman who deserves recognition as a political leader based upon the depth and breadth of her political activities.However, even the few historians who have given passing attention to Bethunes politi

25、cal accomplishments have misinterpreted the means, techniques, and actions she employed in pursuing equality. When examined individually, the choices she made throughout her lifetime often appear contradictory, unless we understand that Bethune had one foot in the nineteenth century and one in the t

26、wentieth. She was a transitional figure. Initially grounded in the nineteenth-century belief that advancement would come through changing individual behavior, Bethune in the twentieth century quickly recognized that inequality was deeply rooted in American institutions. She began to see that the foc

27、al point for African Americans should no longer be on changing individual attitudes and behaviors, but rather on changing social, economic, and political institutions that shaped collective opinions. She worked diligently to transform local community groups into political power bases and promoted th

28、e formation of a national coalition that would work to alter social, economic, and political institutions. In these efforts, she used two conceptually distinct levels of activism. In some instances,Bethune based her activism on informal political activities that were distinctly nonconfrontational an

29、d designed to quietly undermine racial and gender stereotypes. Yet, when dealing with egregious incidents involving institutional inequality, Bethune often engaged in overtly formal political action that publicly challenged the basic principles of the American democratic system. She astutely gauged

30、her activism to fit the particular circumstances. And no matter which course Bethune decided to pursue, she sought a peaceful, yet political, means to achieve social, economic, and political justice.Mary Jane McLeod Bethune was born on July 10, 1875, in Mayesville, South Carolina, the fifteenth of s

31、eventeen children born to Samuel and Patsy McLeod. She was educated at the local missionary school, then received scholarships from a Quaker dressmaker that enabled her to attend Scotia Seminary and Moody Bible Institute. Between 1895 and 1903, she taught at a number of small missionary schools throughout the South, including Haines Institute in Augusta, Georgia. In 1898, she met and married Albertus Bethune and in 1899 gave birth to her only child, Albert McLeod Bethune. In 1904, she traveled to Daytona B