深圳牛津英语秋季 7上 unit3 语法Word文档格式.docx
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例如:
teacher老师tea茶student学生
普通名词主要分为可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
表示单个人和事物。
表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
表示物质或不具备形状和大小的个体的物质。
表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。
mother,flower,tree,bag
people,police,family
milk,rice,breadEnglish,water,money,
news,weather,love
(一)可数名词
名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化,如:
apen,abed,aroom,anEnglishbook。
名词的复数变化:
1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s.例如:
bags,maps,pens,desks,workers
2)名词以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的,在其后加-es。
boxes,buses,glasses,watches,dishes
3)名词以辅音+y结尾的,变y为i,再加es。
city---cities,baby---babies,factory---factories,story---stories,party---parties
4)名词以-f或-fe结尾的,把-f或-fe变成-ves.
wife—wives;
knife—knives;
wolf—wolves;
thief—thieves;
shelf—shelves;
myself—myselves;
life—lives;
half—halves;
leaf—leaves;
记住下面这首顺口溜,相信你就不会觉得难了。
妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolr),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;
躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
5)名词以+o结尾的,加-es。
hero—heroes;
Negro—Negroes;
potato—potatoes;
tomato—tomatoes(两人两菜)
其他以o结尾的,变成复数则只加-s如radios、pianos、photos、hippos,zoos等。
(2)不规则变化
(1)把中间的元音oo变ee:
foot(足)--feettooth(牙)--teethgoose(鹅)—geese
(2)单复数同形:
sheep(绵羊)--sheepdeer(鹿)—deerfish(鱼)--fish
Chinese(中国人)—ChineseJapanese(日本人)--Japanese
(3)特殊变化:
child(孩子)—childrenmouse(老鼠)—miceox(牛)--oxen
man(男人)--menwoman(女人)—women
Englishman(英国人)--EnglishmenFrenchman(法国人)—Frenchmen
但German(德国人)不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans
(4)复合名词的复数:
(一般将主要名词变复数,没有主要名词时在最后一个词后加”s”)
aboyfriend—twoboyfriendsagirlfriend—threegirlfriends
aflowershop—fourflowershopsabrother-in-law—fivebrothers-in-law
特殊:
当用man/woman表示后面的人的性别时,前后都要变:
awomanteacher(一个女老师)—twowomenteachers
amandoctor(一个男医生)—threemendoctors
(5)以下词语总是表示复数:
people(人们)police(警察)cattle(牛)
(6)成对的物品通常以复数形式出现:
trousers(裤子),glasses(眼镜),scissors(剪刀),gloves(手套),shoes(鞋),slippers(拖鞋)
若表达具体数目:
apairoftrousers/glasses/scissors/gloves/shoes/slippers
two/three/four…pairsoftrousers/glasses/scissors/gloves/shoes/slippers
(7)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
A)Maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
B)news是不可数名词。
C)theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。
D)以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
(二)不可数名词
不可数名词:
没有单,复数;
抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。
sand沙sugar糖water水ink墨水oil油
常用的不可数名词:
orangejuice,soup,meat,beef,fish,pork,chicken,bread,rice,food,fruit,tea,news,money,paper,bread,coffee,snow,milk,traffic,homework,housework,hair,time,weather,wind,music,ice
如果需要表示的名词具体数量时,可用以下的数量短语写:
aglassof(一杯)juice、apieceof(一张)paper、asliceof(一条)bread、abottleof(一瓶)oil、
aboxof…、abowlof…、apairof…、akiloof…、acupof…、abagof…、abasketof…、
名词的所有格
名词所有格的用法:
所有格`s或s`形式主要用于人或一些动物的名称,表示"
所有"
或修饰的关系。
如:
John`sfather约翰的父亲,spiders`web蜘蛛网
表示有生命的(人或动物的)名词所有格
1、在单数名词后加’s构成
LuXun'
sbookisworthreading.鲁迅的书值得一读。
Thisismyfather'
sroom.这是我父亲的房间。
2、以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加'
。
Therearemanystudents'
exercisebookshere. 这儿有许多学生的练习本。
thestudents’readingroom学生(们的)阅览室,Teachers’Day教师节
3.词尾不是s的复数名词,要加’s。
thepeople’sneeds人民的需要,women’srights妇女的权利,Children’sPalace少年宫。
4、如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有,则只在后一个名词后加'
s。
WevisitedMaryandKate'
sroom.
我们参观了玛丽和凯特的房间。
如果是两人各自所有,则两个名词后都加'
s
WevisitedMary’sandKate'
srooms.
我们参观了玛丽的房间和凯特的房间。
5、有些表示时间、距离等无生命的事物名词后面,也可以加’s或’构成所有格
如:
Whereistoday’snewspaper?
今天的报纸在哪里?
Theschoolis20minutes’walkfrommyhome.学校离我家是20分钟的路程。
表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与of构成短语表示前者属于后者。
It'
samapofChina.它是一幅中国画。
Iforgotthetitleofthefilm. 我忘记电影名字了。
BeijingisthecapitalofChina. 北京是中国的首都。
thedooroftheclassroom教室的门
thewindowsoftheroom房间的窗户。
练习1
写出下列名词的复数形式
familystoryboydayfox.
leafknifewifelifemouse.
radiozoopotatotomato.
photohippowatchglassgoose.
toothfishsheeppeoplebox.
child--woman--Chinese--.
Japanese--Englishman--milk--.
Frenchman--German--awomanteacher--.
amandoctor--foot--city--.
class--piano--bridge--.
family--baby--brush--.
2.汉译英
一片面包一瓶牛奶两盒梨.
四杯果汁一条消息两杯茶.
二、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空:
1>
Therearethree_____________(chair)intheclassroom.
2>
These_____________(tomato)arered.
3>
Mybrotherlooksaftertwo_____________(baby)
4>
Myfatherlikestoeat_____________(potato).
5>
Chinese_____________(people)liketoeatnoodles.
6>
Ihavealotof_____________(toy)inmybedroom.
7>
Mymotherwash_____________(dish)inthekitchen.
8>
Ihavetwo_____________(pencil-box).
9>
Therearesome_____________(bus)inthestreet.
10>
Monsterhaseight_____________(foot).
11>
Ihavetwo(knife).
12>
Therearemany(box)here.
13>
Afew(boy)aredrawingonthewall.
14>
The(child)areplayingfootballnow.
15>
Pleasetaketwo(photo)forme.
16>
Ilikethered(tomato).
17>
Doyouwantsome(milk)?
18>
Thereareten(womanteacher)inourschool.
19>
Therearemany(German)inourschool.
20>
Many(girlstudent)areinourclass.
三、选择填空
()1.Icanseethree________inthezoo.
AmonkeysBmonkeysCmonkey
()2.Thepighasfour________.
A.footB.feetC.foots
()3.Mytwobrothersare________.
A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen
()4.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.
A.sheepB.dogC.pig
()5.The_____hasthree_____.
A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches
()6.Canyousee_______ontheplate?
A.breadB.breadsC.breades
()7.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.
A.toothB.toothsC.teeth
()8.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.
A.milkB.milksC.milkes
()9.Therearesome_____onthefloor.
A.childB.manC.books
()10.Lucywillhassome_______.
A.photoB.photosC.photoes
()11.Iamdrinkingtwo________.
A.cupsofwaterB.cupofwaterC.cupsofwater
()12.Thecateatstwo_______onMonday.
A.mousesB.miceC.mouse
()13.Ineedapenandsome_____.
A.booksB.deskC.chair
()14.Thereare______intheroom.
A.photosB.photosC.photo
()15.Thereissome_____intheriver.
A.fishB.fishesC.fishs
()16.There___two___inthebox.
A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatch
()17.Wehavetoclean___everyday.
A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.ourteeth
()18.My_____roomisnexttothereadingroom.
A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers
()19.TomandJimare______.
A.friendsB.friendC.brother
()20.Howmany_____dotheyhave?
A.pictureB.picturesC.apicture
()21.Theyare______.
A.womanteachersB.womenteachers
C.womenteacherD.womanteacher
()22.Wouldyoulike_______,please?
A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwater
C.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters
四、根据名词所有格的适当形式填空
1.Thisis(Kate)book.Thatis(Sue)pencilcase.
2.My(parents)clothesarehanginginthewardrobe.
3.Heisafriendofmy(father).
4.It’s(KenandBilly)newhouse.
5.(Students)chairsareallnew.
6.Theseare(girls)dresses.
7.Whosearetheselunchboxes?
Theyare(Lucy)
8.Thelightbedroomislight.
9.Thisisanewcoat.Itismy(mother)
10.Theseshoesareour(friend)
11.My(mother)and(sister)dressesarecheap.
12.(Workers)housesareinthatplace.
13.(Carl)shopisverybig.(Sam)issmall.
练习2
1.March8is______Day.
A.theWomen’sB.theWomensC.Women’sD.Women’s
2.If’sabout______walkfromheretothecinema.
A.twentyminutesB.twentyminute’sC.twentyminutes’sD.twentyminutes’
3.Whoseroomisthis?
It’s______.
A.myB.Mike’sandJohn’sC.ourD.KateandJohn’s
4.IwassurprisedImetafriendof______andafriendof______atthesameplace.
A.me,fatherB.me,father’sC.mine,father’sD.mine,father
5.“Whosebikeisit?
”“It’s______.”
A.JohnB.John’sC.JohnsD.Johns’
6.Thesecondroomis______theoffice.
A.teacherB.teachersC.teachers’D.teachers’s
7.______wenttoFranceforaholiday.
A.TheSmithsB.TheSmiths’C.TheSmithD.Smiths
8.Wearegoingtothe______Palacethismorning.
A.Childrens’B.Child’sC.Children’sD.Childrens
10.Themuseumisn’tfar.It’sonly______walk.
A.halfanhour’sB.half’sanhour’sC.halfanhours’sD.halfanhours’
11.UncleWangboughttwo____yesterday.
A.watchsB.watchesC.watch
12.Howmany____hasthebabygot?
A.teethB.toothC.toothsD.teeths
13.---WhatcanIdoforyou?
---I’dliketwo____.
A.boxofappleB.boxesofapplesC.boxofwatersD.bottleofwaters
14.Howmany___arethereonthetable?
A.bottleofwaterB.bottlesofwaterC.bottlesofwatersD.bottleofwaters
15.Therearealotof___downtherebuthardlyany___.
A.sheeps,peopleB.sheep,peopleC.sheeps,peoplesD.sheep,peoples
语法填空
Theearthis
(1)_______beautifulplace.Thereareforestsandrivers,mountainsandfields.Someplacesareveryhotandsomeareverycold.Therearedifferent
(2)_______(plant).Somearelarge.Somearesmall.Allplantsneedlightandwater.TherearedifferentanimalsonEarthtoo.Somelive(3)_______theland.Someflyinthesky.Someliveunderthewater.Therearealsomanypeople(4)_______youandme.TheEarth(5)________(provide)uswithair,waterandfood.(6)_______isourhome.
Today,thereisalotof(7)_________(pollute).Weburnthings(8)__________(make)energy.Thispollutestheair.Weputourrubbishintotheseaandundertheground.ThispollutestheEarthandkillsanimalsandplan