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Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebamkisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentreYoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Forinvestorswhodesirelowriskandguaranteedincome,U.S.Governmentbondsareasecureinvestmentbecausethesebondshavethefinancialbackingandfullfaithandcreditofthefederalgovernment.Municipalbonds,alsosecure,areofferedbylocalgovernmengtsandoftenhave____36______suchastax-freeinterest.Somemayevenbe____37______.Corportatebondsareabitmorerisky.
Twoquestionsoften_____38_____first-timecorportatebondinvestors.Thefirstis”IfIpurchaseacorportatebond,doIhavetoholdituntilthematueitydate”Theanswerisno.Bondsareboughtandsolddailyon____39_____securitiesexchanges.However,ifyourbonddoesnothave____40_____thatmakeitattractivetootherinvestors,youmaybeforcedtosellyourbondata____41____i.e.,apricelessthanthebond’sfacevalue.Butifyourbondishighlyvaluedbyotherinvestors,youmaybeabletosellitatapremium,i.e.,apriceaboveitsfacevalue.Bondpricesgcncrally____42____inversely(相反地)withcurrentmarketinterestrates.Asinterestratesgoup,bondpnccstall,andviceversa(反之亦然).Thus,likeallinvestments,bondshaveadegreeofrisk.
Thesecondquestionis“HowcanI___43_______theinvestmentriskofaparticularbondissue”Standard&
Poor’sandMoody’sInvestorsServiceratethelevelofriskofmanycorporateandgovernmentbonds.And____44______,thehigherthemarketriskofabond,thehighertheinterestrate.Investorswillinvestinabondconsideredriskyonlyifthe_____45_____returnishighenough.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A)advantages I)fluctuate
B)assess J)indefinite
C)botherK)insured
D)conserved L)major
E)deduction M)naturally
F)discount N)potential
G)embarrass 0)simultaneously
H)features
参考答案
36.N)spoiling
本空与前面的spend构成spendtimedoing的搭配,需要动词ing形式。
备选的有illustrating(阐述)和spoiling(宠爱),能与空后的grandkids构成合理搭配的明显只有spoiling,意为“花更多时间去宠孙子”。
37.K)radically
本空所在句不缺主干成分,且本空是修饰differentideas,所以需要副词。
备选的有mysteriously(神秘地)、radically(根本地)和separately(分开地)。
能与differentideas构成合理搭配的只有radically,这里做水准副词,表示丈夫与妻子有着“根本上不同的观点”。
38.C)disagree
本空为从句中的谓语,所以缺少动词,因为从句主语为复数couples,所以需要动词原形或过去式;
且要考虑与空后的on构成搭配,应为不及物动词。
备选的有assume(假设)、disagree(不同意)、observe(观察)和underestimate(低估)。
其中不及物且与on能构成搭配的只有disagree。
另外,第一段段末提到的丈夫与妻子有着“根本上不同的观点”也提示了这里所描述的现象理应是夫妻们不同意彼此的意见。
39.O)underestimate
本空为该句谓语,且与之并列的前半句使用的是一般现在时,所以需要动词原形,备选的有assume(假设)、observe(观察)和underestimate(低估)。
能够与空后的age构成合理搭配的只有underestimate,意为丈夫们“低估了妻子退休时的年龄”。
另外,前半句与该句构成转折,而前半句提到的是妻子一般能准确判断丈夫的退休年龄,可知该句应描述的是丈夫不了解妻子的退休年龄。
40.I)optimistic
本空为表语,且被副词slightly修饰,空气还有more,提示了应为形容词。
备选的又confidential(机密的)、forthcoming(即将到来的)和optimistic(乐观的)。
注意本空形容的是空后的standardofliving(生活标准),能构成合理意思的只有optimistic,意为丈夫比妻子“对于生活标准要略微乐观一些”。
41.M)separately
本空与together构成并列,所以应该与together词性一致,为副词。
备选的有mysteriously(神秘地)和separately(分开地)。
能与together意思上构成并列的只有separately,表示正好相反的状态,被or串联,构成选择型的并列。
42.A)assume
本空为该句谓语,且并列的后半句用的是一般现在时,而本句主语为复数they,所以本空需要动词原形。
备选的有assume(假设)和observe(观察)。
能在这里构成合理意思的只有assume,意为“他们以为他们意见一致”。
43.L)reality
空前的the提示了本空需要名词,空后的is提示了本空需要可数名词单数或不可数名词。
备选的有formula(公式、方案)、package(包裹)和reality(现实)。
这里能构成合理意思的只有reality,意为“但现实是他们甚至都没有谈论这个话题”。
注意前半句的assume暗示了前半句是夫妻们自以为的现象、也就是假象,这也暗示43空所在的转折之后的后半句描述的才是真相。
44.E)forthcoming
本空是在形容retirementdate(退休日期),需要形容词。
备选的有confidential(机密的)和forthcoming(即将到来的)。
能构成合理意思的只有forthcoming,意为“常常是马上就要来临的退休日成为了退休规划的催化剂”,即人们只有接近退休的时候才会被迫开始做规划。
45.J)package
空前的an后面需要可数名词单数,但early-retirement并非可数名词单数,所以本空才理应是被an限定的可数名词单数。
备选的有formula(公式、方案)和package(包裹)。
这里意思更合理的是package,这个词能够表示“一揽子计划”,early-retirementpackage意为“提前退休计划”。
SectionB
:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatmentsattachedtoit.eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.identifytheparagraphfromweichtheinformationisderived.youmaychooseaparpgraphmorethanonce.eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet2.
lessonsfromaFeministParadise
[A]Onthesurface,Swedenappearstobeafeministparadise.LookatanyglobalsurveyofgenderequalityandSwedenwillbenearthetop.Family-friendlypoliciesareitsnorm-with16monthsofpaidparentalleave,specialprotectionsforpart-timeworkers,andstate-subsidizedpreschoolswhere,accordingtoagovernmentwebsite,"
gender-awarenesseducationisincreasinglycommon."
duetoanunfficialquotasystem,womenhold45percentofpositionsintheswedishparliament.theyhaveenjoyedtheprotectionofgovernmentagencieswithtitlesliketheMinistryofIntegrationandGenderEqualityandtheSecretariatofGenderResearch.SowhyareAmericanwomensofaraheadoftheirSwedishcounterpartsinbreakingthroughtheglassceiling?
[B]ina2012report,theWorldEconomicForumfoundthatwhenitcomestoclosingthegendergapin"
econmicparticipationandopportunity,"
theUnitedStatesisaheadofnotonlySwedenbutalsoFinland,Denmark,theNetherlands,Iceland,Germany,andtheUnitedKingdom.Sweden'
srankinthereportcanlargelybeexplainedbyitspoliticalquotasystem.ThoughtheUnitedStateshasfewerwomenintheworkorce(68percentcomparedtoSweden'
s77percent).Americanwomenwhochoosetobeemployedarefarmorelikelytoworkfull-timeandtoholdhigh-leveljobsasmanangersorprofessionals.Theyalsoownmorebusinesses,lauchmorestart-ups(新创办的企业),andmoreoftenworkintraditionallymalefields.Asforbreakingthroughtheglassceilinginbusiness,Americanwomenarewellinthelead.
[C]whatexplainstheAmericanadvantageHowcanitbethatsocietieslikeSweden,wheregenderequalityisvigorouslypusuedandengorced,havefewerfemalemanagers,executives,professionals,andbusinessownersthanehlaissez-faire(自由放任的)unitedstatesAnewstudybyclrnelleconomistsFrancineBlauandLawrenceKahngivesanexplanation.
[D]Generousparentalleavepoliciesandreadilyavailablepart-timeoptionshaveunintendedconsequences:
insteadofstrengtheningwomen'
sattachmenttotheworkplace,theyappeartoweakenit.Inadditiontoa16-monthleave,aswedishparenthastherighttoworksixhoursaday(forareducedsalary)untilhisorherchildiseightyearsold.Mothersarefarmorelikelythanfatherstotakeadvantageofthislaw,Butextendedleavesandpart-timeemploymentareknowntobeharmfultocareers—forbothgenders.Andwithwomenasecondfactorcomesintoplay:
mostseemtoenjoytheflexible-timearrangement(onceknownasthe“mommytrack”)andneverfindtheirwaybacktofull-timeorhigh-levelemployment.Insum:
generousfamily-friendlypoliciesdokeepmorewomeninthelabormarket,buttheyalsotendtodiminisbtheircareers.
[E]AccordingtoBlauandKahn,Swedish-stylepaternal(父亲的)leavepoliciesandflexibletimearrangementsposeasecondthreattowoman’sprogress:
theymakeemployerscautiousabouthiringwomanforfull-timepositionsatall.Offeringajobtoamanisthesaferbet.Heisfarlesslikelytotakeayearofparentalleaveandthenreturnonareducedworkscheduleforthenexteightyears.
[F]Ibecameawareofthetrialeofcareer-focusedEuropeanwomanafewyearsagowhenImetapost-doctoralstudentfromGermanywhowasthenavisitingfellowatJohnsHopkins.ShewasastonishedbytheprofessionalpossibilitiesaffordedtoyoungAmericanwoman.HerbesthopeinGermanywasagovermmentjob—prospectsforwomanintheprivatesectorweredim.”InGermany“shetoldme,”wehaveallthebenefits,”butemployersdon’t’wantohireus.”
[G]SwedisheconomistsMagnusHenreksonandMikaelStenkulaaddressedthefollowingquestionintheir2009study:
whyaretheresofewfemaletopexecutivesintheEuropeanegalitarian(平等主义的)welfarestates?
Theiranswer:
”Broad-basedwelfare-statepolicieshinderwomen’srepresentationinelitecompetitivepositions.”
[H]ItistemptingtodeclaretheSwedishpoliciesregressive(退步的)andhailtheAmericansystemassuperior.Butthatwouldbeshortsighted.TheSwedescancertainlytakealessonfromtheUnitedStatesandlookforwaystoclearapathfortheirambitiousfemalecareerists.Butmostwomanarenotcommittsdcareerists.WhenthePewResearchCenterrecentlyaskedAmericanparentstoidentifytheir”ideal”lifearrangement,47percentofmotherssaidtheywouldprefertoworkpark-timeand20percentsaidtheywouldprefernottoworkatall.Fathersanswereddifferrntly:
75percentpreferredfull-timework.SomeversionoftheSwedishsystemmightworkwellforamajorityofAmericanparents,buttheUnitedStatesisunlikelytofullyembracetheSwedishmodel.Still,wecanlearnfromtheirexperience.
[I]Despiteitsfailuretoshattertheglassceiling,Swedenhasoneofthemostpowerfulandinnovativeeconomiesintheworld.Inits2011-2012survey,theWorldEconomicForumrankedSwedenasthe“rockstaroftherecovery”intheWashingtonPost,alsoleadstheworldinlifesatisfactionandhappiness.Itisasocietywellworthstudying,anditseffortstoconquerthegendergapimpartavitallesson—thoughnotthelessontheSwedeshadinmind。
[J]Swedenhasgonefartherthananyothernationonearthtointegratethesexesandtoofferwomenthesameopportunitiesandfreedomsasmen.Fordecades,thesedesce