PLC概述外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译.docx

PLC概述外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译.docx

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PLC概述外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译

外文原文：

ONE、PLCoverview

Programmablecontrolleristhefirstinthelate1960sintheUnitedStates,thencalledPlcprogrammablelogiccontroller（ProgrammableLogicController）isusedtoreplacerelays.Fortheimplementationofthelogicaljudgment,timing,sequencenumber,andothercontrolfunctions.TheconceptispresentedPlcGeneralMotorsCorporation.Plcandthebasicdesignisthecomputerfunctionalimprovements,flexible,genericandotheradvantagesandrelaycontrolsystemsimpleandeasytooperate,suchastheadvantagesofcheappricescombinedcontrollerhardwareisstandardandoverall.Accordingtothepracticalapplicationoftargetsoftwareinordertocontrolthecontentoftheuserproceduresmemorycontroller,thecontrollerandconnectingtheaccusedconvenienttarget.

Inthemid-1970s,thePlchasbeenwidelyusedasacentralprocessingunitmicroprocessor,importexportmoduleandtheexternalcircuitsareused,large-scaleintegratedcircuitsevenwhenthePlcisnolongertheonlylogical（IC）judgmentfunctionsalsohavedataprocessing,PIDconditioninganddatacommunicationsfunctions.InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission（IEC）standardspromulgatedprogrammablecontrollerforprogrammablecontrollerdraftmadethefollowingdefinition:

programmablecontrollerisadigitalelectroniccomputersoperatingsystem,specificallyforapplicationsintheindustrialdesignenvironment.Itusedprogrammablememory,usedtoimplementlogicintheirinternalstorageoperations,sequencecontrol,timing,countingandarithmeticoperations,suchasoperatinginstructions,andthroughdigitalandanaloginputandoutput,thecontrolofvarioustypesofmachineryorproductionprocesses.Programmablecontrollerandrelatedperipherals,andindustrialcontrolsystemseasilylinkedtoformawhole,toexpanditsfunctionaldesign.Programmablecontrollerfortheuser,isanon-contactequipment,theprocedurescanbechangedtochangeproductionprocesses.Theprogrammablecontrollerhasbecomeapowerfultoolforfactoryautomation,widelypopularreplication.Programmablecontrollerisuser-orientedindustriesdedicatedcontrolcomputer,withmanydistinctivefeatures.

First,highreliability,anti-interferencecapability;

Second，programmingvisual,simple;

Third,adaptabilitygood;

Fourthfunctionalimprovements,strongfunctionalinterface.

TWO、HistoryofPLC

ProgrammableLogicControllers（PLC）,acomputingdeviceinventedbyRichardE.Morleyin1968,havebeenwidelyusedinindustryincludingmanufacturingsystems,transportationsystems,chemicalprocessfacilities,andmanyothers.Atthattime,thePLCreplacedthehardwiredlogicwithsoft-wiredlogicorso-calledrelayladderlogic（RLL）,aprogramminglanguagevisuallyresemblingthehardwiredlogic,andreducedtherebytheconfigurationtimefrom6monthsdownto6days[MoodyandMorley,1999].

AlthoughPCbasedcontrolhasstartedtocomeintoplace,PLCbasedcontrolwillremainthetechniquetowhichthemajorityofindustrialapplicationswilladhereduetoitshigherperformance,lowerprice,andsuperiorreliabilityinharshenvironments.Moreover,accordingtoastudyonthePLCmarketofFrostandSullivan[1995],anincreaseoftheannualsalesvolumeto15millionPLCsperyearwiththehardwarevalueofmorethan8billionUSdollarshasbeenpredicted,thoughthepricesofcomputinghardwareissteadilydropping.TheinventorofthePLC,RichardEMorley,fairlyconsidersthePLCmarketasa5-billionindustryatthepresenttime.

ThoughPLCsarewidelyusedinindustrialpractice,theprogrammingofPLCbasedcontrolsystemsisstillverymuchrelyingontrial-and-error.Alikesoftwareengineering,PLCsoftwaredesignisfacingthesoftwaredilemmaorcrisisinasimilarway.Morleyhimselfemphasizedthisaspectmostforcefullybyindicating

`Ifhouseswerebuiltlikesoftwareprojects,asinglewoodpeckercoulddestroycivilization.”

Particularly,practicalproblemsinPLCprogrammingaretoeliminatesoftwarebugsandtoreducethemaintenancecostsofoldladderlogicprograms.ThoughthehardwarecostsofPLCsaredroppingcontinuously,reducingthescantimeoftheladderlogicisstillanissueinindustrysothatlow-costPLCscanbeused.

Ingeneral,theproductivityingeneratingPLCisfarbehindcomparedtootherdomains,forinstance,VLSIdesign,whereefficientcomputeraideddesigntoolsareinpractice.ExistentsoftwareengineeringmethodologiesarenotnecessarilyapplicabletothePLCbasedsoftwaredesignbecausePLC-programmingrequiresasimultaneousconsiderationofhardwareandsoftware.Thesoftwaredesignbecomes,thereby,moreandmorethemajorcostdriver.Inmanyindustrialdesignprojects,morethanofthemanpowerallocatedforthecontrolsystemdesignandinstallationisscheduledfortestinganddebuggingPLCprograms.

Inadditi