浙江大学植物生理学要点Word文件下载.docx

浙江大学植物生理学要点Word文件下载.docx

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Apoplast:

Acontinuoussystemconsistsofcellwall,cellspace（interplace）andvesselofxylem,exceptprotoplast,consideredasanon-lifepartintheplant.

Symplast:

Acontinuoussystemconsistsofprotoplast,plasmodesmaandplasmicmembrane,consideredasalifepartexceptapolast.

3.Freewaterandboundwater自由水和束缚水

Freewater:

Itdoesnotbindtocomponentsofcelltightlyandmovesfreelyintheplant.Specialcharacters:

participateinmetabolism,takeassolventandeasilyfreeze。

boundwater：

Itbindstocomponentsofcelltightlyanddoesnotmovefreelyintheplant.Specialcharacters:

donotparticipateinmetabolism,donottakeassolventanddonoteasilyfreeze。

4.Bleedingandguttation伤流和吐水

Bleeding:

aphenomenathatthesapflowsoutfromthewoundedpart.Itiscausedbyrootpressure.

Guttation:

whensoilhasenoughwaterandatmosphereiswarmandhigherrelativehumidity（RH）,oftenintheearlymourning,unwoundedleafcansecretsapfromtipormarginofleaf.Itisanindexforhealthseedlings.

5.Rootpressure根压

Rootpressureisapowerwhichpushedwatertomountalongvessel,dependingonphysiologicalactivityofroot.

6.Soilavailablewater土壤可利用水分

Itisreferredasthewaterthatcandirectlybetakenupandutilizedbyplants,whosewatercontentishigherthanwiltingcoefficientinthesoil.

7.Temporarywiltingandpermanentwilting 

暂时萎焉和永久萎焉

Thewiltingiscausedbylossofequilibriumbetweenwaterabsorptionandevaporation（maintranspiration）.Transpirationislargerthanabsorption.Itcanberecoveredbyshadingorintheeveningupondecreasingintranspiration,butnotbywatering.

Thewiltingiscausedbynoavailablesoilwater,plantcannotabsorbwaterfromthesoil.Itcanberecoveredbywateringorwaterspring,butnotbydecreasingintranspiration.

8.Transpirationpull蒸腾拉力

Apowerdrivingwaterupwardalongxylemvessel,andisdecidedbyagradientofwaterpotentialsduetotranspiration.Itisindependentofrootmetabolismandisthemainpowerforwaterabsorption.

9.Transpirationcoefficient（waterrequirement）蒸腾系数

Waterrequirementisareciprocaloftranspirationefficiency,meansthatplantconsumeswaterquantity（g）formaking1gofdrymatter.生成1kg干物质需要多少g水。

10.Transpirationefficiency（ratio）蒸腾效率（比率）

Plantproducesquality（unit:

g）whenconsuming1kgwaterbytranspiration.

11.Transpirationrate蒸腾速率

Waterlossofplantthroughtranspirationperunitleafareaandperunittime.（g/m2s）

12.Criticalperiodofwater 

水分临界期

Aperiodduringwhichplantismostsensitivetowaterdeficiencyandismosteasilyinjuredbywaterdeficiency,butthewaterrequirementisnotalwayslargestatthatperiod.花粉母细胞减数分裂至四分体期

13.Transpiration-cohesion-tensiontheory蒸腾-内聚力-张力学说

Watercanbetransportedinacontinuouswatercolumnbecausewatercohesionislargerthanitstension.

14.Osmosisabsorption；

渗透性吸水

Osmosis（渗透作用）isadiffusioninwhichsolventmoleculespassthroughsemipermeablemembrane（半透性膜）.

15.imbibitionabsorption;

吸胀吸水

Imbibition（吸胀作用）isaphenomenainwhichhydrophiliccolloidsenlargewithwaterabsorption.（vacuole-unformedcell）

16.metabolismabsorption.代谢性吸水

Theplantcellusestheenergyproducedinrespirationanddriveswaterabsorptionacrossplasmaticmembrane

17.Semipermeablemembrane半透膜

Aselectively-permeablemembrane,amembranethatwillallowcertainmoleculesorionstopassthroughitbydiffusionandoccasionallyspecialized"

facilitateddiffusion"

18.PlasmolysisandDeplasmolysis质壁分离与质壁分离复原

19.Ψs——solutepotential溶质势=渗透势

Thedecreasedpartofwaterpotentialcausedbyexistenceofthesoluteinthesolution

由于溶质颗粒的存在，降低了水的自由能而使其水势低于纯水水势的水势下降值。

20.Ψp——pressurepotential压力势

Theincreasedpartofwaterpotentialcausedbyturgorpressure,alwayspositive

21.Ψm——matricpotential衬质势

Thedecreasedpartofwaterpotentialresultsfromcellcomponentsabsorbingwater,alwaysnegative.

22.Waterchannelproteinsoraquaporins水通道蛋白或水孔蛋白

Aquaporinsinalllivingcellareaseriousproteinswhichlocatedinplasmaticmembraneortonoplast,andplayanimportantroleinwatertransmembranetransportbecausetheyhavelessresistancetowaterandspeedupwatertransportacrossthemembrane.

23.Stomataltranspiration气孔蒸腾

24.Lawofmicro-porediffusion→perimeterdiffusion小孔扩散定律——周长扩散

Diffusionrateofwatervaporthroughoutpolymicroporeisnotproportionaltothearea,butisproportionaltotheperimeter.

25.Stomatalcomplex气孔复合体

保卫细胞guardcell及邻近细胞neighboringcell或副卫细胞accessorycells/subsidiarycells

二、keypoints

1.Understandwaterrelat