Causes and Remedies of Chinglish in College Students WritingWord格式.docx
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CausesandRemediesofChinglishinCollegeStudentsWriting@#@CausesandRemediesofChinglishinCollegeStudents’Writing@#@Sep.2006,Volume3,No.9(SerialNo.33)Sino-USEnglishTeaching,ISSN1539-8072,USACausesandRemediesofChinglishinCollegeStudents’WritingPingWang*WuhanUniversityAbstract:
@#@BasedontheEnglish-Chinesecontrastiveanalysisofsomefamouslinguists,thispaperemployslotsofexamplestoillustratethecausesandremediesofChinglishinthewritingofcollegestudents.Thecausescomemainlyfromsyntacticalincompetence,inadequateexposuretoauthenticEnglishandstudents’adherencetotheChinesethinkingmode.ThemostessentialwaystoreduceChinglisharetobuildstudents’awarenessofthedistinctionbetweenthetwolanguages,toincreasetheexposuretoauthenticEnglishandpracticewritingmoreoftensoastoadjuststudents’ChinesethinkingmodetothatofEnglish.Keywords:
@#@ChinglishcausesremediescollegeEnglishwriting1.IntroductionDuetothetremendousdifferencesinvariousaspectsbetweenEnglishandChinese,andChinesestudents’dependenceuponChinesewhenlearningtowriteinEnglish,Chinglishfrequentlyappearsinstudents’writing.JoanPinkhamdescribesChinglishas“EnglishwithChinesecharacteristics”,whichisakindofmisshapen,hybridlanguagethatisneitherEnglishnorChinese.ManyresearchesconcerningthenatureandsourcesofChinglishhavebeendoneinthelightofinterlanguagetheory,contrastiveanalysis,erroranalysis,andlanguagetransfertheory.ThispaperattemptstodiscussthecausesofChinglish,andrecommendremediestoitbyemployingacontrastiveanalysisperspective.2.CausesandRemediesChinglishisnotidiomaticEnglishbut“speechorwritingthatshowstheinterferenceandinfluenceofChinese”(DengYanchang,1983).FromthepointofdepartureoftheinfluenceofChineselanguage,acomparativeanalysisbetweenChineseandEnglishisquitenecessarytothrowlightonthecausesandremediesofChinglish.2.1ContrastiveanalysisbetweenEnglishandChineseWhatarethecharacteristicsofEnglishandChineselanguages?
@#@Somefamouslinguistshavedonemuchcontrastivestudyinrecentdecadesasrepresentedbythepublicationofaseriesofmonographs,includingLiuMiqing’sAContrastiveStudyofEnglishandChineseandTranslation(1991),XuYunlong’sAGeneralStudyofContrastiveLinguistics(1992),LianShuneng’sAContrastiveStudyofEnglishandChinese(1993)aswellasseveralcollectionsofpaperseditedbyWangHuai,WangFuxiang,LiuZhongde,etc..Englishisasynthetic-analyticlanguage.Asyntheticlanguage,asdefinedinWebster’sNinthNewCollegiateDictionary,is“characterizedbyfrequentandsystematicuseofinflectedformstoexpressgrammaticalrelationships”.Theinflectionsincludegender,number,case,tense,aspect,voice,mood,degreesofcomparison,personandpartofspeech,whichplayanimportantroleinEnglishgrammar.Chineseisananalyticlanguage,asdefinedinRandomHouseCollegeDictionary,whichis“characterizedby*PingWang(1963-),female,M.A.,lecturerofCollegeofForeignLanguagesandLiterature,WuhanUniversity;@#@researchfield:
@#@teachingtheoryandpractice;@#@address:
@#@No.3TeachingOffice,CollegeofForeignLanguagesandLiterature,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan,HubeiProvince,P.R.China,postcode:
@#@430072.51@#@CausesandRemediesofChinglishinCollegeStudents’Writingarelativelyfrequentuseoffunctionwords,auxiliaryverbs,andchangesinwordordertoexpresssyntacticrelations,ratherthanofinflectedforms”.Accordingly,thetraditionalgrammaticalanalysisisconcernedwiththeinterpretationofthesemanticandpragmaticfunctionofwordsandwordorder,especiallyoffunctionwords.ChineseandEnglishdiffernotonlyintheaspectofinflectionbutalsointhefrequencyoftheuseoffunctionwords.Englishreliesonalargenumberofrelativeandconjunctivewordsandprepositionstoexpressgrammaticalmeanings.FunctionwordsinChinesearenotonlyfarlessintheamountbutalsoarefarlessfrequentlyusedthaninEnglish.Asaconsequence,Chinesereliesmoreonwordordertoexpressgrammaticalmeaning.ThedistinctionbetweenEnglishandChineseattheformallevelcanbeclassifiedinthefollowingtable:
@#@ThedistinctionbetweenEnglishandChineseattheformallevelEnglishChineseS-VcomplexT1R1+T2R2+T3R3+…S-Vkernelabsenceofkernelstructure,compactcomposite,architecturestylediffusivechroniclestylehypotactic,overtcohesivetiesparatactic,covertcohesionaseriesofsentencefragments,omissionofmajorcompleteandpreciseinformelements(determinationoftheomittedelementsisdependentonsemanticandpragmaticreferences)Apartfromtheunawarenessofthelinguisticdistinctions,otherfactorsalsoleadtoChinglish,e.g.,culturaldifferences,thoughtpatterns,comprehensionprocessandlearningstrategiesofthest