翻译第一章教案修订Word文件下载.docx

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2.Importantroleoftranslation

2.1Asameansofcommunication,translationplaysanimportantroleinhumancivilization.

2.2Ifaforeignlanguageisgenerallyacceptedasatooloflife,translationthenobviouslyservesasadynamicmeansofemployingthistool.Aproperanddexterous巧妙translationhelpstopromotemutualunderstandingbetweenpeoplesofdifferentculturalandsocialbackgrounds,whereasamisunderstandingorimproperrenderingofwordsorexpressionsmayleadtoconfusion.

Examples:

transliteration字译或音译

menu---菜单（计算机---选项、项目单）

Renaissance---文艺复兴

芳芳----（toothofthedogorsnake）

"

五讲四美、三热爱----fivestresses,fourbeautiesandthreeloves

抓紧施肥----graspmanure[məˈnʊə,-ˈnjʊə]

街道妇女----streetwomen

白酒----whitewine

3.Nature,ScopeandProcessofTranslation

3.1BriefIntroductionofTranslation（课本Page1）

3.2ProcessofCommunication

（1）IntralingualCommunication（语内交流）

（2）InterlingualCommunication（语际交流）

A.理解阶段的历时性

B.理解阶段的共时性

翻译的过程----阅读、理解、表达、检验（课本Page12-13）

4.TheDevelopment,PrinciplesorCriteriaofTranslationTheory

4.1TheFourDevelopingPhasesOfTranslationTheoryinChina

肇始阶段（佛经序翻译理论）：

古典阶段（正名论翻译理论）：

玄思阶段（哲学化翻译理论）：

直觉阶段（文艺学翻译理论）：

4.2TranslationCriteriaPutForwardbyFamousTranslatorsorTranslationTheorists

4.2.1TranslationCriteriaPutForwardbySomeChineseTranslators课本page3-4

4.2.2TranslationCriteriaPutForwardbyWesternTranslatorsorTheorists

（1）AlexanderFraserTytler：

ThreePrinciplesofTranslation

（2）PeterNewmark:

CommunicativeandSemanticTranslation

（3）EugeneA．Nida：

FunctionalEquivalence

4.3OtherFactorsAffectingtheEvaluationofTranslation

5.TheRequirementsforQualifiedTranslators

5.1ExcellentCommandoftheTwoLanguages

5.2ConsiderableKnowledgeoftheTwoCultures

5.3AdequateKnowledgeoftheSubjectMatter

5.4FairCapacityforWriting

5.5PlentyofPracticeandAdequateKnowledgeofTranslationTheoriesandSkills

5.6SkillsintheUseofInformationTechnology

6.Translationstrategies

6.1LiteralTranslation（直译：

可以改变某一级别上的结构，例如增词或减词）andFreeTranslation（意译：

不限级翻译）

Word-for-word逐词翻译（限级翻译）

FreeTranslation----LiteralTranslation---Word-for-word

6.2ForeignizingTranslationandDomesticatingTranslation

6.3翻译的局限性

6.4不合格的翻译

Chapter1GeneralIntroduction（8periods）

TheFirstThreePeriods

TeachingObjectives:

1.Haveagoodunderstandingofdifferentviewsontranslation（45minutes）.

2.Beawareoftheimportantroletranslationplaysthroughthestudyofsomecases（35minutes）.

3.Befullyawareofthenature,scopeandtwoimportantprocessesoftranslation.（55minutes）

I.WhatisTranslation?

（45minutes）

Translationcanberoughlydefinedasareproductionorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.Beingaverycomplicatedhumanactivity,itswholepictureisnevereasytodescribe.Scholarswithdifferentacademicbackgroundshaveattemptedtodefineitfromvariousperspectives.

1.1LinguisticViewsonTranslation（7minutes）

Translationtheoristsfromthelinguisticschoolconceiveoftranslationasalinguisticactivityandsomebelievethattranslationtheoryisabranchoflinguistics,approaching着手处理theissuesoftranslatingprimarilyfromtheviewpointofthelinguisticdifferencesbetweensourceandtargettexts.

*Translationmaybedefinedasthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage（thesourcelanguage）byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage（thetargetlanguage）（Catford1965:

20）.

*Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptor受体languagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle（Nida&

Taber1969:

12）.

*Translationtheoryderivesfromcomparativelinguistics,andwithinlinguistics,itismainlyanaspectofsemantics语义学;

allquestionsofsemanticsrelatetotranslationtheory（Newmark1982/1988:

5）.

1.2CulturalViewsonTranslation（8minutes）

Intheculturalapproach方法，方式；

手段；

步骤；

态度,translationisregardednotonlyasatransferoflinguisticsigns,butalsoasacommunicationofcultures,i.e.translationisan"

interculturalcommunication"

;

hencethetermsof"

interculturalcooperation"

"

acculturation"

文化互渗,and"

transculturation"

跨文化，交叉文化，涉及多种文化.

*Translationisaprocesswhichoccursbetweenculturesratherthansimplybetweenlanguages（Shuttleworth&

Cowie1997:

35）.

*Atranslatorwhousesaculturalapproachissimplyrecognizingthateachlanguagecontainselementswhicharederivedfromitsculture（suchasgreetings,fixedexpressionsandREALIA实际存在）,thateverytextisanchored深嵌于ina