翻译第一章教案修订Word文件下载.docx
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2.Importantroleoftranslation
2.1Asameansofcommunication,translationplaysanimportantroleinhumancivilization.
2.2Ifaforeignlanguageisgenerallyacceptedasatooloflife,translationthenobviouslyservesasadynamicmeansofemployingthistool.Aproperanddexterous巧妙translationhelpstopromotemutualunderstandingbetweenpeoplesofdifferentculturalandsocialbackgrounds,whereasamisunderstandingorimproperrenderingofwordsorexpressionsmayleadtoconfusion.
Examples:
transliteration字译或音译
menu---菜单(计算机---选项、项目单)
Renaissance---文艺复兴
芳芳----(toothofthedogorsnake)
"
五讲四美、三热爱----fivestresses,fourbeautiesandthreeloves
抓紧施肥----graspmanure[məˈnʊə,-ˈnjʊə]
街道妇女----streetwomen
白酒----whitewine
3.Nature,ScopeandProcessofTranslation
3.1BriefIntroductionofTranslation(课本Page1)
3.2ProcessofCommunication
(1)IntralingualCommunication(语内交流)
(2)InterlingualCommunication(语际交流)
A.理解阶段的历时性
B.理解阶段的共时性
翻译的过程----阅读、理解、表达、检验(课本Page12-13)
4.TheDevelopment,PrinciplesorCriteriaofTranslationTheory
4.1TheFourDevelopingPhasesOfTranslationTheoryinChina
肇始阶段(佛经序翻译理论):
古典阶段(正名论翻译理论):
玄思阶段(哲学化翻译理论):
直觉阶段(文艺学翻译理论):
4.2TranslationCriteriaPutForwardbyFamousTranslatorsorTranslationTheorists
4.2.1TranslationCriteriaPutForwardbySomeChineseTranslators课本page3-4
4.2.2TranslationCriteriaPutForwardbyWesternTranslatorsorTheorists
(1)AlexanderFraserTytler:
ThreePrinciplesofTranslation
(2)PeterNewmark:
CommunicativeandSemanticTranslation
(3)EugeneA.Nida:
FunctionalEquivalence
4.3OtherFactorsAffectingtheEvaluationofTranslation
5.TheRequirementsforQualifiedTranslators
5.1ExcellentCommandoftheTwoLanguages
5.2ConsiderableKnowledgeoftheTwoCultures
5.3AdequateKnowledgeoftheSubjectMatter
5.4FairCapacityforWriting
5.5PlentyofPracticeandAdequateKnowledgeofTranslationTheoriesandSkills
5.6SkillsintheUseofInformationTechnology
6.Translationstrategies
6.1LiteralTranslation(直译:
可以改变某一级别上的结构,例如增词或减词)andFreeTranslation(意译:
不限级翻译)
Word-for-word逐词翻译(限级翻译)
FreeTranslation----LiteralTranslation---Word-for-word
6.2ForeignizingTranslationandDomesticatingTranslation
6.3翻译的局限性
6.4不合格的翻译
Chapter1GeneralIntroduction(8periods)
TheFirstThreePeriods
TeachingObjectives:
1.Haveagoodunderstandingofdifferentviewsontranslation(45minutes).
2.Beawareoftheimportantroletranslationplaysthroughthestudyofsomecases(35minutes).
3.Befullyawareofthenature,scopeandtwoimportantprocessesoftranslation.(55minutes)
I.WhatisTranslation?
(45minutes)
Translationcanberoughlydefinedasareproductionorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.Beingaverycomplicatedhumanactivity,itswholepictureisnevereasytodescribe.Scholarswithdifferentacademicbackgroundshaveattemptedtodefineitfromvariousperspectives.
1.1LinguisticViewsonTranslation(7minutes)
Translationtheoristsfromthelinguisticschoolconceiveoftranslationasalinguisticactivityandsomebelievethattranslationtheoryisabranchoflinguistics,approaching着手处理theissuesoftranslatingprimarilyfromtheviewpointofthelinguisticdifferencesbetweensourceandtargettexts.
*Translationmaybedefinedasthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(thesourcelanguage)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(thetargetlanguage)(Catford1965:
20).
*Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptor受体languagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle(Nida&
Taber1969:
12).
*Translationtheoryderivesfromcomparativelinguistics,andwithinlinguistics,itismainlyanaspectofsemantics语义学;
allquestionsofsemanticsrelatetotranslationtheory(Newmark1982/1988:
5).
1.2CulturalViewsonTranslation(8minutes)
Intheculturalapproach方法,方式;
手段;
步骤;
态度,translationisregardednotonlyasatransferoflinguisticsigns,butalsoasacommunicationofcultures,i.e.translationisan"
interculturalcommunication"
;
hencethetermsof"
interculturalcooperation"
"
acculturation"
文化互渗,and"
transculturation"
跨文化,交叉文化,涉及多种文化.
*Translationisaprocesswhichoccursbetweenculturesratherthansimplybetweenlanguages(Shuttleworth&
Cowie1997:
35).
*Atranslatorwhousesaculturalapproachissimplyrecognizingthateachlanguagecontainselementswhicharederivedfromitsculture(suchasgreetings,fixedexpressionsandREALIA实际存在),thateverytextisanchored深嵌于ina