翻译第一章教案修订Word文件下载.docx

1、2. Important role of translation2.1 As a means of communication, translation plays an important role in human civilization.2.2 If a foreign language is generally accepted as a tool of life, translation then obviously serves as a dynamic means of employing this tool. A proper and dexterous巧妙 translat

2、ion helps to promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds, whereas a misunderstanding or improper rendering of words or expressions may lead to confusion.Examples: transliteration 字译或音译menu -菜单（计算机-选项、项目单）Renaissance - 文艺复兴芳芳 -（tooth of the dog or snake）五

3、讲四美、三热爱 - five stresses, four beauties and three loves抓紧施肥 - grasp manure mn, -nj 街道妇女 - street women白酒 - white wine 3. Nature, Scope and Process of Translation3.1 Brief Introduction of Translation （课本Page 1）3.2 Process of Communication（1）Intralingual Communication（语内交流）（2）Interlingual Communication

4、 （语际交流）A. 理解阶段的历时性B. 理解阶段的共时性翻译的过程 - 阅读、理解、表达、检验 （课本 Page 12-13）4. The Development, Principles or Criteria of Translation Theory4.1 The Four Developing Phases Of Translation Theory in China肇始阶段（佛经序翻译理论）：古典阶段（正名论翻译理论）：玄思阶段（哲学化翻译理论）：直觉阶段（文艺学翻译理论）：4.2 Translation Criteria Put Forward by Famous Translat

5、ors or Translation Theorists 4.2.1 Translation Criteria Put Forward by Some Chinese Translators 课本page 3-44.2.2 Translation Criteria Put Forward by Western Translators or Theorists（1） Alexander Fraser Tytler：Three Principles of Translation（2） Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation（3）

6、Eugene ANida：Functional Equivalence4.3 Other Factors Affecting the Evaluation of Translation5. The Requirements for Qualified Translators5.1 Excellent Command of the Two Languages5.2 Considerable Knowledge of the Two Cultures5.3 Adequate Knowledge of the Subject Matter5.4 Fair Capacity for Writing5.

7、5 Plenty of Practice and Adequate Knowledge of Translation Theories and Skills5.6 Skills in the Use of Information Technology6. Translation strategies6.1 Literal Translation（直译：可以改变某一级别上的结构，例如增词或减词） and Free Translation （意译：不限级翻译）Word-for-word 逐词翻译 （限级翻译）Free Translation- Literal Translation- Word-f

8、or-word6.2 Foreignizing Translation and Domesticating Translation6.3翻译的局限性6.4 不合格的翻译Chapter 1 General Introduction （8 periods） The First Three PeriodsTeaching Objectives:1. Have a good understanding of different views on translation （45 minutes）.2. Be aware of the important role translation plays th

9、rough the study of some cases （35 minutes）.3. Be fully aware of the nature, scope and two important processes of translation. （55 minutes）I. What is Translation? （45 minutes） Translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another lang

10、uage. Being a very complicated human activity, its whole picture is never easy to describe. Scholars with different academic backgrounds have attempted to define it from various perspectives.1.1 Linguistic Views on Translation （7 minutes） Translation theorists from the linguistic school conceive of

11、translation as a linguistic activity and some believe that translation theory is a branch of linguistics, approaching 着手处理the issues of translating primarily from the viewpoint of the linguistic differences between source and target texts. * Translation may be defined as the replacement of textual m

12、aterial in one language （the source language） by equivalent textual material in another language （the target language） （Catford 1965: 20）. * Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor受体 language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and sec

13、ondly in terms of style （Nida & Taber 1969: 12）. * Translation theory derives from comparative linguistics, and within linguistics, it is mainly an aspect of semantics语义学; all questions of semantics relate to translation theory （Newmark 1982/1988: 5）.1.2 Cultural Views on Translation （ 8 minutes） In

14、 the cultural approach方法，方式；手段；步骤；态度, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures, i.e. translation is an intercultural communication; hence the terms of intercultural cooperation, acculturation文化互渗, and transculturation跨文化，交叉文化，涉及多种文化.

15、 * Translation is a process which occurs between cultures rather than simply between languages （Shuttleworth & Cowie 1997: 35）. * A translator who uses a cultural approach is simply recognizing that each language contains elements which are derived from its culture （such as greetings, fixed expressions and REALIA实际存在）, that every text is anchored 深嵌于in a