餐饮管理系统外文翻译文献.docx

餐饮管理系统外文翻译文献.docx

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餐饮管理系统外文翻译文献

餐饮管理系统外文翻译文献

（文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译）

外文:

AComparativeStudyofWebApplicationDesignModels

UsingtheJavaTechnologies

Abstract.

TheServlettechnologyhasbeenthemostwidelyusedtechnologyforbuildingscalableWebapplications.Intheevents,therearefourdesignmodelsfordevelopingWebapplicationsusingtheJavatechnologies:

Model1,Model2,Struts,andJavaServerFaces（JSF）.Model1employsaseriesofJSPpages;Model2adoptstheModel-View-Controllerpattern;StrutsisaframeworkemployingtheModel2designmodel;andJSFisanewtechnologythatsupportsready-to-usecomponentsforrapidWebapplicationdevelopment.Model1isnotrecommendedformedium-sizedandlargeapplicationsasitintroducesmaintenancenightmare.Thispapercomparesandevaluatestheeaseofapplicationdevelopmentandtheperformanceofthethreedesignmodels（Model2,Struts,andJSF）bybuildingthreeversionsofanonlinestoreapplicationusingeachofthethreedesignmodels,respectively.

1Introduction

Today,Webapplicationsarethemostcommonapplicationsforpresentingdynamiccontents.ThereareanumberoftechnologiesforbuildingWebapplications,themostpopularofwhichistheServlettechnology.ThistechnologygainsitspopularityfromitssuperiorityoverothertechnologiessuchasCGIandPHP.Servletsarecumbersometodevelop,however,becausesendingHTMLtagsrequirestheprogrammertocomposethemintoaStringobjectandsendthisobjecttothebrowser.Also,aminorchangetotheoutputrequirestheservlettoberecompiled.Toaddressthisissue,SunMicrosystemsinventedJavaServerPages（JSP）.JSPallowsHTMLtagstobeintertwinedwithJavacodeandeachpageistranslatedintoaservlet.AJSPpageisaservlet.However,compilationoccursautomaticallywhenthepageisfirstrequested.Asaresult,changingtheoutputdoesnotneedrecompilation.Inaddition,JSPenablestheseparationofpresentationfromthebusinesslogicthroughtheuseofJavaBeansandcustomtaglibraries.ThenormnowindevelopingJavabasedWebapplicationsistouseservletsalongwithJavaServerPages.

Inthelaterdevelopment,thereareanumberofdesignmodelsforbuildingservlet/JSPapplications:

Model1,Model2,Struts,andJSF.Model1andModel2werefirstmentionedintheearlyspecificationsofJSP.Model1strictlyusesJSPpages,withnoservlets,andModel2usesthecombinationofbothservletsandJSPpages.ThetermsofModel1andModel2havebeenusedeversince.Model1issuitableforprototypesandverysmallapplications,andModel2istherecommendeddesignmodelformediumsizedandlargeapplications.

AsModel2gainedmoreacceptancesintheindustry,anopensourceinitiativetobuildtheStrutsFrameworkwasinitiated.StrutsperfectsModel2byprovidingthecontrollerpartoftheModel-View-ControllerofModel2.Inaddition,Strutsprovidesbetterpagenavigationmanagementandseveralcustomtaglibrariesformorerapiddevelopment.Despiteitssteeplearningcurveandthefactthatitwasneverdefinedinanyspecification,StrutshasbeengainingpopularityasthealternativetoModel2.

JavaServerFacesisbuiltundertheJavaCommunityProcessunderJSR-127.SunMicrosystemsproposedthistechnologyinthehopethatJSFwillbetheultimatemodelforbuildingJavaWebapplications.ThemostimportantfeatureofJSFistheavailabilityofready-to-usecomponentssuchasextensibleUIcomponents,easypagenavigation,inputvalidators,dataconvertersandJavaBeansmanagement.

Theproblemfacingservlet/JSPprogrammersaretochoosethemostappropriatedesignmodel.Clearly,JSFprovidesabettersolutioninregardtodevelopmenttime.However,somepeoplearenotsanguinetoadoptthistechnologyforfearofperformancepenaltyduetotheoverheadoftheJSFimplementation.

WebuildthreeversionsofanonlinestoreapplicationnamedBuyDirectusingModel2,StrutsandJSF.Theparameterscomparedarethenumberoflinesofcode,thenumberofclasses,andtheperformancemeasurementresults.Weinvestigatewhichofthedesignmodelsallowsthemostrapiddevelopmentprocess.Weevaluatetheperformancesoftheapplicationsbuiltuponthesemodels.Weprovidesomesuggestionstoperfecttheexistingdesignmodelstomakedevelopmentmorerapid.

Therestofthepaperisorganisedasfollows.Section2discussestheissuesinWebdevelopment.Section3explainshowthethreedesignmodelsaddressthesedevelopmentissues.Section4providesthedetailsofthehardwareandsoftwareusedintheseexperiments.Section5presentstheexperimentresultsandanalysis.Section6reviewstherelatedwork.Section7concludesbyofferingsomesuggestionstoimprovetheexistingdesignmodels.

2JavaWebDevelopmentIssues

AllJavaWebdevelopmentusestheServlettechnologyastheunderlyingtechnology.Assuch,allJavaWebapplicat