01名词主谓一致情景交际Word格式文档下载.docx
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the,用于一些固定词组.
eg.inthemorninginthedaytime
atthemomentonthephone
thewholeyearbytheway
intheendontheotherhand
intheendatthebackof
零冠词,泛指名词(物质,抽象名词表类别)
零冠词,专有名词(大洲,国家,省市,路桥,公园广场,人名)
eg.AmericaChang’anStreet
LinghuParkTian’anmenSquare
零冠词,星期月份季节.(有定语时季节加the)
eg.inthespringof2014
零冠词,三餐,球类,棋类,语言,学科(有形容词修饰时,三餐可加a/an)
eg.abigdinner
零冠词,副词最高级
eg.Herunfastestofallintheschoolsportsmeeting.
零冠词,名词前有代词时(物主,指示,不定,名词所有格)
eg.myfirstvisittoBeijing
零冠词,用于一些固定词组.
eg.atschoolinclass
afterclassatnight
bybikedayandnight
bodyandsoul(全心全意)
一些对比实例(加the/不加the)
eg.attable吃饭atthetable在桌旁
atschool上学attheschool在学校
atdesk做作业atthedesk在桌旁
atsea出航atthesea在海边
bysea坐船bythesea在海边
behindtime迟到behindthetime(思想)落伍
inclass在上课intheclass在班上
inred穿着红衣服inthered负债,亏损
inoffice在办公intheoffice在办公室
infrontof前面inthefrontof前部
outofoffice离岗outoftheoffice离开办公室
outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion不可能的
gotosea当水手gotothesea去海滨
keephouse管理家务keepthehouse守在家里
takeplace发生taketheplace代替
Heisthesecondonetogettoschool.
Thecakeisdelicious,Iwantasecondone.
Anumberofstudentsareplayingbasketball.
Thenumberofstudentsisquitelarge.
二.名词
1.名词定义:
(1)名词,人名,事物名称,时间地点,抽象概念.
专有名词和普通名词(普通名词包括个体,集体,物质,抽象名词).
(2)专有名词,某人,某地,某机构的特定名称.
普通名词,(个体,集体基本为可数;
物质,抽象大多为不可数).
2.名词要点:
(1)可数名词变复数,规则变化:
一般+s;
s,x,sh,ch+es;
辅音+y,变y为i+es;
o+s/四个o+es;
f/fe,变为v+es;
可数名词变复数,不规则变化:
不规则;
变元音字母;
man/woman合成词,双变;
中日不变英法变,其余s加后面;
单复同形;
形单意复(people,police等),注意谓语;
只有复数(trousers,clothes,chopsticks,scissors等);
形复意单(physics,mathematics,NiagaraFalls,news等).
(2)名词所有格.表示人和物的所有所属关系.
有生命:
单数‘s;
复数s‘;
不规则复数‘s;
时间距离长度重量价格’s或s’
eg.astudent’sroomTeachers’Day
Children’sDaytenminutes’time
onemile’sjourneytwentydollars’worth
atable’slengthfivepounds’weight
无生命:
of
双重所有格:
apictureofMaryapictureofMary’s
共同所有(后面’s)/分别所有(分别’s)
(3)集体名词单复数.(整体,单数;
成员,复数.)
eg.Theteamconsists12members.
ThefamilyarehavingaBBQpartyinthegarden.
(4)不可数名词.
用much,alittle,alotof,lotsof,some,any,agreatamountof,agreatdealof,表示模糊数量,谓语用单数;
用单位名词(量词)计数,表示精确数量,谓语随之变化.
三.主谓一致
1.主谓一致概念
(1)指“人称”和”数”一致.
(2)三大原则:
语法一致:
谓语动词与它的主语,语法形式上一致.(主语的单复数)
意义一致:
有时谓语动词的单复数不取决于形式,而是取决于主语意义.
(形单意复,形复意单,单复同形,集体名词等)
就近一致:
主语有两个或以上,谓语动词与最近的那个一致.
(or/either..or../neither..nor../notonly..butalso..
therebe/herebe)
PS:
aswellas,with,togetherwith,but,except等构成的短语不做主语,所以不影响谓语.
eg:
Chinahasalonghistory.
Alltheteachersherearefriendly.
Thenewswasverysurprising.
Theclassarediscussingsomeproblems.
Areyouorshetoblame(责备)?
Eitheryouorsheisadoctor.
NeitherhenorIamfromKorea.WearefromChina.
Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingbasketball.
TherearetwopicturesandamapofChinaonthewall.
MissJiangtogetherwithherfriendsalwaysgoesshoppingonSundays.就前一致
2.常考点
(1)主语复数,谓语动词却是单数:
国名,人名,书名,组织机构等专有名词
时间,距离,金钱,重量等度量衡名词
以s/ics结尾的名词(news,works,maths,plastics,physics,politics等)
oneandahalf+复数名词
thenumberof/thevarietyof(种类)+复数名词
(注意区别anumberof/avarietyof(各式各样))
trousers/apairoftrousers的区别
(类似的:
clothes,glasses,compasses,chopsticks等)
复合不定代词做主语
动名词/不定式做主语
“加减乘除...等于...”做主语
“manya+单数名词,morethanone+单数名词”做主语时
TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.
Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.允许三周时间做必要的准备.
Tendollarsisenough.
Ididn’tthinkmathswasimportantatthattime.
OneandahalfdayswasallIcanspare.
Thenumberofstudentsinthiscollegehasdoubled.
Thevarietyofgoodsinthismarketisrich.
AnumberofstudentsinthisclassarefromSichuan.
Thereareavarietyoftoysinthisshop.
Howmuchareyourtrousers?
ThispairofglassesbelongstoMr.Zhang.
EveryoneexceptTomandJohnwastherewhenthemeetingbegan.
Doingexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.
Threethousandtimestwoissixthousand.
Manyastudenthaspassedthecomputerexam.很多学生都已经通过了计算机考试.
Morethanonebookisneededhere.我们这儿需要的不止一本书.
(2)主语单数,谓语动词却是复数:
集体名词,形单意复(police,people等)
Chinese,Japanese可表达复数概念国家人
the+adj.表示”...一类人”
and连接两个名词,表示两个人,复数概念
(PS:
and连接两个名词,表示同一个人,单数概念)
(PS:
and连接两个名词表示复数概念,如果有every,
each,manya,