英语教学中的测试与评价方法优质PPT.ppt

英语教学中的测试与评价方法优质PPT.ppt

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语言学中的结构主义语言观：

语言=语音+词汇+句式+语法，语言能力可以分解为具体的部分来考查。

心理学中的行为主义教育论：

刺激反应式学习方式，反复练习。

心理测量学：

依据一定的心理学理论，运用一定的操作程序，把人的知识、能力、性格、态度等心理特性和行为进行量化。

Emphasizingreliability（信度）andvalidity（效度）Emphasizingobjectiveandaccurateassessment,Objectivequestionsdominate,particularlymultiplechoices.AnalyzingtestingresultsstatisticallyEnjoyingahighreliability信度高Discrete-pointTestingAquestiononlyassessesonelanguagepointTesting:

conductedatdifferentlevelsoflanguagestructure语言层面Languageproficiency：

beingassessedfromtheaspectsoflistening,speaking,readingandwriting技能层面1.3Integrative-SociolinguisticTesting综合合-社会社会语言学言学测试Sincethemid-1970s（动态语言观）Integrativeskilltests综合技能测试Assessalearnersabilitytousemanybitsatthesametime.Questiontypes：

cloze/composition/oralinterview,etc.1.4Pragmatic&

CommunicativeTestingStage语用交际测试阶段语用交际测试阶段Fromthe1980s（功能语言观）CommunicativeapproachFromlanguageusagetolanguageusePragmaticapproachIntegrityoflanguage/wholelanguageAssessingwithtasksAccuracy,fluencyandappropriatenessCommunicativecompetence2.TypesofLanguageTestsTypesofLanguageTestsFormative&

SummativeTests;

形成性和总结性Objective&

SubjectiveTests;

客观性和主观性Criterion-referenced&

Norm-referencedTests;

标准参照性和常模参照性TestsClassifiedAccordingtoTestingPurposesDiscrete-point&

IntegrativeTests分立式和综合测试Highstakes&

Low-stakesTests高风险和低风险2.1Formative&

SummativeFormativeAssessment:

Beingcarriedoutthroughtoutthecourse;

Diagnosticpurpose;

Assessmentforlearning;

Teacherorlearner-initiatedSummativeAssessment:

Beingcarriedoutattheendofacourse;

Gradingpurpose,assignacoursegrade;

Assessmentoflearning;

Teacher-initiated2.2Criterion-referenced&

Norm-referencedCriterion-referencedAssessment:

Awayofmeasuringcandidatesagainstdefined（andobjective）criteria;

RelativelyconsistentBeingusedtoestablishapersonscompetence;

Examples:

Drivingtests,IELTS,TEM,etc.Norm-referencedAssessment:

Awayofcomparingcandidatestoidentifywhetherthetesttakerperformedbetterorworsethanothertesttakers;

Varyingfromyeartoyear;

Beingusedforselection;

CEE（gaokao）,TOEFL2.3Objective&

SubjectiveObjectiveAssessment:

Asinglecorrectanswer;

Objectivescoring,nojudgmentonthepartofthescorer.Examples:

true/false,multiplechoice,matchingquestions.SubjectiveAssessment:

Morethanonewayofexpressingthecorrectanswer;

Subectivescoring,callingforjudgmentonthepartofthescorer.Examples:

extended-responsequestionsandessays.2.4TestsClassifiedAccordingtoTestingPurposeslProficiencyTest水平测试、能力测试lAchievementTest成绩测试、学业测试lPlacementTest分级测试、分班测试lAptitudeTest能力倾向测试、学能测试lDiagnosticTest诊断测试ProficiencyTestlMeasuringlanguageproficiencylThecontent考试内容:

Notbasedonthecontentofalanguagecoursewhichpeopletakingthetestmayhavefollowed.Itisbasedonaspecificationofwhatcandidateshavetobeabletodointhelanguageinordertobeconsideredproficient.Examples:

SAT,ACT,CEE,IELTS,PSC,PETS,BECAchievementTestExamininghowsuccessfulastudent,ateacher,orasyllabus,oramethodis.Beingcloselylinkedtothecoursematerialusedinclass.Finalachievementtestsarethoseadministeredattheendofacourseofstudy.Progressachievementtestsareintendedtomeasuretheprogressthatstudentsaremaking.PlacementTestlToidentifytheappropriatestageoflanguagecourseaccordingtostudentsability.lToassignstudentstotheappropriatelevelofclassestheyshouldtake.AptitudeTestMeasuringtheextenttowhichanindividualpossessesspecificlanguagelearningabilityBeingusuallyusedforselectionanddiagnosisandforpredictionoflanguagelearningsuccess.Componentsoflanguageaptitude:

phoneticcodingability（sounddiscriminationandmemory）,grammaticalsensitivity（recognizingthegrammaticalfunctionofwords）,rotelearningabilityfornewsoundandmeaninginductivelearningabilityforlanguagepatternsDiagnosticTestlToshowstudentsstrengthsandweaknesses.2.5Discrete-point&

IntegrativeDiscrete-pointTest:

multiple-choicequestionsIntegrativeTest:

Dictation,translation,composition,etc.Whenhesawhismother,thelittleboystopped_.A.cryingB.cryC.tocryD.criedOneday,thewifeofaChinesekingsatwatchingawormasitatesomemulberryleaves.Soonitstopped_.Then,asitslowlyturneditsheadfromside_side,averyfinethreadcameoutofits_.Itwrappedthethreadaroundandarounditselfuntilitwasshut_alittlecocoon.2.6High-&

Low-stakesTestsArelativeconceptHigh-stakes:

atestwithimportantconsequencesforthetesttaker.Examples:

CEE,TEMLow-stakes:

End-termExam测试种类