英语教学中的测试与评价方法优质PPT.ppt

1、语言学中的结构主义语言观：语言=语音+词汇+句式+语法，语言能力可以分解为具体的部分来考查。心理学中的行为主义教育论：刺激反应式学习方式，反复练习。心理测量学：依据一定的心理学理论，运用一定的操作程序，把人的知识、能力、性格、态度等心理特性和行为进行量化。Emphasizingreliability（信度）andvalidity（效度）Emphasizingobjectiveandaccurateassessment,Objectivequestionsdominate,particularlymultiplechoices.Analyzingtestingresultsstatistical

2、lyEnjoyingahighreliability信度高Discrete-pointTestingAquestiononlyassessesonelanguagepointTesting:conductedatdifferentlevelsoflanguagestructure语言层面Languageproficiency：beingassessedfromtheaspectsoflistening,speaking,readingandwriting技能层面1.3Integrative-SociolinguisticTesting综合合-社会社会语言学言学测试Sincethemid-197

3、0s（动态语言观）Integrativeskilltests综合技能测试Assessalearnersabilitytousemanybitsatthesametime.Questiontypes：cloze/composition/oralinterview,etc.1.4Pragmatic&CommunicativeTestingStage语用交际测试阶段语用交际测试阶段Fromthe1980s（功能语言观）CommunicativeapproachFromlanguageusagetolanguageusePragmaticapproachIntegrityoflanguage/whol

4、elanguageAssessingwithtasksAccuracy,fluencyandappropriatenessCommunicativecompetence2.TypesofLanguageTestsTypesofLanguageTestsFormative&SummativeTests;形成性和总结性Objective&SubjectiveTests;客观性和主观性Criterion-referenced&Norm-referencedTests;标准参照性和常模参照性TestsClassifiedAccordingtoTestingPurposesDiscrete-point&

5、IntegrativeTests分立式和综合测试Highstakes&Low-stakesTests高风险和低风险2.1Formative&SummativeFormativeAssessment:Beingcarriedoutthroughtoutthecourse;Diagnosticpurpose;Assessmentforlearning;Teacherorlearner-initiatedSummativeAssessment:Beingcarriedoutattheendofacourse;Gradingpurpose,assignacoursegrade;Assessmentof

6、learning;Teacher-initiated2.2Criterion-referenced&Norm-referencedCriterion-referencedAssessment:Awayofmeasuringcandidatesagainstdefined（andobjective）criteria;RelativelyconsistentBeingusedtoestablishapersonscompetence;Examples:Drivingtests,IELTS,TEM,etc.Norm-referencedAssessment:Awayofcomparingcandid

7、atestoidentifywhetherthetesttakerperformedbetterorworsethanothertesttakers;Varyingfromyeartoyear;Beingusedforselection;CEE（gaokao）,TOEFL2.3Objective&SubjectiveObjectiveAssessment:Asinglecorrectanswer;Objectivescoring,nojudgmentonthepartofthescorer.Examples:true/false,multiplechoice,matchingquestions

8、.SubjectiveAssessment:Morethanonewayofexpressingthecorrectanswer;Subectivescoring,callingforjudgmentonthepartofthescorer.Examples:extended-responsequestionsandessays.2.4TestsClassifiedAccordingtoTestingPurposeslProficiencyTest水平测试、能力测试lAchievementTest成绩测试、学业测试lPlacementTest分级测试、分班测试lAptitudeTest能力倾向

9、测试、学能测试lDiagnosticTest诊断测试ProficiencyTestlMeasuringlanguageproficiencylThecontent考试内容:Notbasedonthecontentofalanguagecoursewhichpeopletakingthetestmayhavefollowed.Itisbasedonaspecificationofwhatcandidateshavetobeabletodointhelanguageinordertobeconsideredproficient.Examples:SAT,ACT,CEE,IELTS,PSC,PETS

10、,BECAchievementTestExamininghowsuccessfulastudent,ateacher,orasyllabus,oramethodis.Beingcloselylinkedtothecoursematerialusedinclass.Finalachievementtestsarethoseadministeredattheendofacourseofstudy.Progressachievementtestsareintendedtomeasuretheprogressthatstudentsaremaking.PlacementTestlToidentifyt

11、heappropriatestageoflanguagecourseaccordingtostudentsability.lToassignstudentstotheappropriatelevelofclassestheyshouldtake.AptitudeTestMeasuringtheextenttowhichanindividualpossessesspecificlanguagelearningabilityBeingusuallyusedforselectionanddiagnosisandforpredictionoflanguagelearningsuccess.Compon

12、entsoflanguageaptitude:phoneticcodingability（sounddiscriminationandmemory）,grammaticalsensitivity（recognizingthegrammaticalfunctionofwords）,rotelearningabilityfornewsoundandmeaninginductivelearningabilityforlanguagepatternsDiagnosticTestlToshowstudentsstrengthsandweaknesses.2.5Discrete-point&Integra

13、tiveDiscrete-pointTest:multiple-choicequestionsIntegrativeTest:Dictation,translation,composition,etc.Whenhesawhismother,thelittleboystopped_.A.cryingB.cryC.tocryD.criedOneday,thewifeofaChinesekingsatwatchingawormasitatesomemulberryleaves.Soonitstopped_.Then,asitslowlyturneditsheadfromside_side,averyfinethreadcameoutofits_.Itwrappedthethreadaroundandarounditselfuntilitwasshut_alittlecocoon.2.6High-&Low-stakesTestsArelativeconceptHigh-stakes:atestwithimportantconsequencesforthetesttaker.Examples:CEE,TEMLow-stakes:End-termExam测试种类