考研英语一真题及参考答案考研英语一真题Word文档格式.docx

考研英语一真题及参考答案考研英语一真题Word文档格式.docx

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考研英语一真题及参考答案考研英语一真题@#@2021考研英语一真题及参考答案|2021考研英语一真题@#@SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:

@#@Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）@#@Today,weliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareallavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneorapass,andyou4can’tfindnorth,afewtricksmayhelpyounavigate5tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.Whenyoufindyourself6atrail,butnotinapletely7areaofland,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:

@#@Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

@#@Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?

@#@Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould10seesignsofpeople.Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights–youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.Another12:

@#@Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13,evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17‌lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.@#@18,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.@#@1.A.FewB.MostC.SomeD.All2.A.putB.takeC.runD.e3.A.SinceB.UntilC.ThoughD.If4.A.formallyB.literallyC.graduallyD.relatively5.A.aroundB.awayC.backD.next6.A.ontoB.alongC.acrossD.off7.A.unattractiveB.unfamiliarC.unchangedD.uncrowded8.A.wayB.pointC.siteD.place9.A.InsteadB.YetC.SoD.Besides10.A.immediatelyB.eventuallyC.unexpectedlyD.intentionally11.A.frightenedB.annoyedC.surprisedD.confused12.A.problemB.resultC.viewD.option13.A.AboveallB.ForexleC.OnaverageD.Incontrast14.A.spotB.avoidC.bridgeD.separate15.A.fromB.underC.beyondD.through16.A.postsB.breaksC.shadesD.links17.A.hiddenB.mysteriousC.artificialD.limited18.A.FinallyB.ConsequentlyC.IncidentallyD.Generally19.A.memoriesB.belongingsC.notesD.marks20.A.leadB.adaptC.restrictD.expose@#@SectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:

@#@Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitutions.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

@#@morelong-termdecision-making,notonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.“Short-termism,”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedpanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Heesagiantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfrompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism.”Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshorterattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidmissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangemissioninaspeechthisweek.IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof20__haspushedmostpublicpaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoapanyinvestmentforatleasttw