高中英语阅读理解方法详讲Word格式文档下载.doc
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主要体现人类的理性思考,它靠逻辑推理和分析论证,以理服人。
即在文章中说服别人同意你的观点,乐于接受你的观点。
这就是议论文的主要特点。
因此,论点、论据、论证就构成了议论文的三个必备的要素
【例1】Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.
A.成功的B.徒劳的
C.有效的 D.匆促的
2】Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由means,is,or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,becalled,beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示
3】Childrenoftentrytoimitateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.
4)MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences--buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.
【例6】Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.
unconditional:
无条件的,绝对的
nonjudgmental:
没有判断力的
6.根据构词法:
合成、派生(前缀、后缀)、转化等
但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误,需要同学们注意。
1.以偏概全。
即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。
2.过于笼统。
即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。
3.把观点强加给作者。
读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。
1)主题句在段首
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后的句子则是论证性细节。
Example1
Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'
teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:
ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.
:
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?
A.Somepeoplelikesteakandothersredmeat.
B.Vegetablesareveryhealthyforyou.
C.Howfoodispreparedhasalottodowithhowwellapersonmaylikeit.
D.Differentpeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.
(2)主题句也会出现在段尾作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。
Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.
(3)在短文中间
主题句也可以安排在段中间,此时前面只提出问题,文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,然后再作进一步的解释,支持或发展.
Example3
Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknight
ifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoa
childwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodern
flashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightof
thecampfirehasbeenout.
•Q:
Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas______.
•A.veryclean
•B.justcleanedbythelandlord
•C.tidyandcomfortable
•D.dirtyandfullofinsects
Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身体的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反应).
●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.
B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.
C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.
D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.
Maybe
tenyearold
Elizabeth
put
it
best
when
she
said
to
her
father.
“But,
Dad,
you
can’t
be
healthy
if
you’re
dead.”
in
a
hurry
get
home
before
dark
so
he
could
go
for
run,
had
forgotten
wear
his
safety
belt—a
mistake
75%
of
the
US
population
make
every
day.
The
big
question
is
why.
Why
did
say
father,
dead?
A.
He
was
driving
at
great
speed.
B.
running
across
street.
C.
didn’t
have
belt
on.
D.
take
medicine
on
time.
10岁的女儿对父亲说:
“爸爸,你若死了,也就不可能健康了。
”女儿为什么这样说呢?
下文告诉我们:
父亲匆匆忙忙在天黑之前开车赶回家,以便跑步锻炼身体,但却在开车回家时忘记系安全带。
显然女儿是在责备父亲未系安全带开车,由此可推知答案应选
C。
细节专题一:
排序题
此类试题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实,然后对上面的事实进行排序。
要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。
考生可以先找出最早的一个时间和事件,把它作为事件发生的具体点,然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小,从而快速地选出正确答案。
例1:
Inthe19thcenturyEnglandpeoplelikedtogototheseaside.Inthosedays,ladiesworelongbathingdresses,and