高一英语定语从句讲解精华版Word下载.doc
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关系副词有:
when,where,why.在从句充当:
先行词:
定语从句中引关系词的作用:
二、关系词的用法:
(一)关系代词的用法:
1.
Heisthemanlivesnextdoor.
ThetrainhasjustleftisforShenzhen.
2.
Themanwehavejustseenisafamouswriter.
WhereisthebookIboughtlastweek?
注:
3.
(a)Heisthemancarwasstolenlastweek.
(b)ItwasameetingimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.
Theycametoahousebackwallhadbrokendown..(=)
He’swrittenabookthenameI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=)
4.作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。
如:
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.
(二)关系副词的用法:
1.when:
time,day,morning,night,week,year
IstillrememberthetimeIfirstbecameacollegestudent.
DoyouknowthedateLincolnwasborn?
2.Whereplace,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country
Thisisthehoteltheyarestaying.
IforgetthehousetheSmithslived.
3.why
Thatisthereasonheisleavingsosoon.
(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点:
1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:
when=on(in,at,during…)+which;
where=in(at,on…)+which;
why=forwhich.如:
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.
2.当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:
I’llneverforgetthedaymyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherlastsummer.
Hisfatherworksinafactoryradiopartsaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorymakesradioparts.
三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句
Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
2.非限制性定语从句
ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.
Asaboy,hewasalwaysmakingthings,mostofwhichwereelectric.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:
who,whom,whose,which,when和where,不可以用that和why。
注意:
ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.
=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.
YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohn,whowaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.
=YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohnandhewaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.
4.先行词为整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,用which或as来引导。
Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.
(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、中、后,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.
(2)as常译成“就象……那样”,正如….
as的短语
Aseverybodyknows,Luxunisafamouswriter.
Luxun,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.
asweallknow
asoftenhappens
asyousee
asisknowntoall
asisexpected
ashasbeensaidbefore
asIcanremember
四.关系词的选择
1.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,只能用that,不用which的情况:
(1)当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.
(2)当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。
Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.
(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容
词最高级同时修饰时,如:
Isthatthebestthatyoucando?
That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.
ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.
(5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。
TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
(7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?
2.在定语从句中,当先行词指人时,用who(m),而不用that的情况:
(1)当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,
everybody等词时。
Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?
Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
(2)当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时。
Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.
Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.
3.在定语从句中,当先行词指人时,在下列情况中,一般用关系词that:
(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?
(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。
Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.
(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等词所修饰时。