公共英语五级考试试题五十文档格式.docx

公共英语五级考试试题五十文档格式.docx

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TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive"

attachment"

periodfrombirthtothreemaysearachild'

spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'

sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,insometribalsocieties,suchastheNgoni,thefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone-farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents,care-takersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthelastdecadetherehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'

sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby'

sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-out,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBowlbysupport?

A 

Statisticalstudiesshouldbecarriedouttoassessthepositiveeffectofdaycareforchildrenattheageofthreeorolder.

B 

Earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren.

C 

Thefirstthreeyearsofone'

slifeisextremelyimportanttothelaterdevelopmentofpersonality.

D 

Childrenunderthreegetusedtothelifeatnurseryschoolsmorereadilythanchildrenoverthree.

【正确答案】：

C

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第2题

WhichofthefollowingisderivablefromBowlby'

swork?

Mothersshouldnotsendtheirchildrentodaycarecentersuntiltheyarethreeyearsofolder.

Daycarenurserieshavepositiveeffectsonachild'

sdevelopment.

Achildsenttoadaycarecenterbeforetheageofthreemayhaveemotionalproblemsinlatelife.

Daycarewouldnotbesopopularifithasnoticeablenegativeeffectsonachild'

spersonality.

A

第3题

Itissuggestedthatmodemsocietiesdifferfromtraditionalsocietiesinthat______.

theparents-childrelationshipismoreexclusiveinmodemsocieties

achildmoreoftengrowsupwithhis/herbrothersorsistersintraditionalsocieties

motherbringsupchildrenwiththehelpofherhusbandintraditionalsocieties

childreninmodemsocietiesaremorelikelytodevelopmentalillnessinlateryears

第4题

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTanargumentagainstBowlby'

stheory?

Manystudiesshowthatdaycarehasapositiveeffectonchildren'

sdevelopment

Daycareissafe,otherwisetherewouldn'

tbesomanynurseryschools.

Separationfromparentsforveryyoungchildreniscommoninsometraditionalsocieties.

Parentsfindtheimmediateeffectsofearlydaycaredifficulttodealwith.

D

第5题

Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthewriter'

sattitudetowardsearlydaycare?

Childrenunderthreeshouldstaywiththeirparents.

Earlydaycarehaspositiveeffectsonchildren'

Theissueiscontroversialanditssettlementcallsfortheuseofstatistics.

Theeffectsofearlydaycareonchildrenareexaggeratedandparentsshouldignoretheissue.

第6题

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:

thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps